Brompheniramine

Trade Names:
BroveX
- Oral suspension 12 mg (as tannate) per 5 mL

Trade Names:
BroveX CT
- Tablets, chewable 12 mg (as tannate)

Trade Names:
Lodrane 24
- Capsules, extended-release 12 mg (as maleate)

Trade Names:
Lodrane XR
- Oral suspension 8 mg (as tannate) per 5 mL

Trade Names:
LoHist 12
- Tablets, extended-release 6 mg (as maleate)

Trade Names:
VaZol
- Liquid 2 mg (as maleate) per 5 mL

Pharmacology

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Competitively antagonizes histamine at H ₁ receptor sites.

Indications and Usage

Relief of sneezing, itchy, watery eyes, itchy nose or throat, and runny nose because of hay fever (allergic rhinitis) or other respiratory allergies. VaZol is also indicated for temporary relief of runny nose and sneezing caused by the common cold; treatment of allergic and nonallergic pruritic symptoms; temporary relief of mild, uncomplicated urticaria and angioedema; amelioration of allergic reactions to blood or plasma loss; adjunctive therapy of anaphylactic reactions.

Contraindications

Newborn or premature infants; nursing mothers; narrow-angle glaucoma; urinary retention; peptic ulcer; during an asthmatic attack; lower respiratory conditions, including asthma; MAOI therapy or for 2 wk after stopping MAOI therapy; allergy to any component of product.

Dosage and Administration

PO 1 or 2 tablets every 12 h.

PO 1 tablet every 12 h.

PO Do not administer except under advice and supervision of health care provider.

PO 5 to 10 mL (1 to 2 tsp [max, 4 tsp per 24 h]).

PO 5 mL (1 tsp [max, 2 tsp per 24 h]).

PO 1 or 2 tablets (max, 4 tablets per 24 h).

PO 1/ 2 to 1 tablet (max, 2 tablets per 24 h).

PO 1/ 2 tablet (max, 1 tablet per 24 h).

PO 1 or 2 capsules once daily.

PO 1 capsule once daily.

PO Do not administer except under advice and supervision of health care provider.

PO 5 mL (1 tsp) every 12 h (max, 2 doses per 24 h).

PO 2.5 mL (½ tsp) every 12 h (max, 2 doses per 24 h).

PO 1.25 mL (¼ tsp) every 12 h (max, 2 doses per 24 h).

PO as recommended by physician.

PO 10 mL (2 tsp) 4 times daily.

PO 5 mL (1 tsp) 4 times daily.

PO 2.5 mL (½ tsp) 4 times daily.

PO Titrate dose based on 0.5 mg/kg/day of brompheniramine maleate in equally divided doses 4 times daily.

General Advice

• Administer extended-release tablets and capsules with food to minimize GI side effects. Do not cut, chew, break, or open extended-release tablets and capsules. Swallow whole.
• Shake oral suspension well before measuring dose. Measure and administer prescribed dose using dosing syringe, dosing spoon, or dosing cup.
• Measure and administer prescribed dose using dosing syringe, dosing spoon, or dosing cup.
• Caution patient to chew chewable tablet before swallowing and not to swallow tablet whole. Provide small amount of water or juice after administering chewable tablet.

Storage/Stability

Store oral suspension at controlled room temperature (68° to 77°F). Store all other dose forms at controlled room temperature (59° to 86°F).

Drug Interactions

Effects may be enhanced by brompheniramine.

Do not use in patients receiving MAOI therapy or within 14 days of stopping such treatment.

May prolong or intensify the anticholinergic effects of brompheniramine.

Laboratory Test Interactions

May interfere with diagnostic test results for skin tests using allergen extracts.

Adverse Reactions

Cardiovascular

Hypotension; palpitations; tachycardia; extrasystoles.

CNS

Drowsiness; headache; sedation; sleepiness; dizziness; disturbed coordination; fatigue; confusion; restlessness; excitation; nervousness; tremor; irritability; insomnia; euphoria; paresthesia; vertigo; hysteria; neuritis; convulsions.

Dermatologic

Urticaria; drug rash.

EENT

Blurred vision; diplopia; tinnitus; acute labyrinthitis; nasal stuffiness.

GI

Dry mouth, nose, and throat; epigastric distress; anorexia; nausea; vomiting; diarrhea; constipation.

Genitourinary

Urinary frequency; difficult urination; urinary retention; early menses.

Hematologic

Hemolytic anemia; hypoplastic anemia; thrombocytopenia; agranulocytosis.

Respiratory

Thickening of bronchial secretions; tightness of chest and wheezing.

Miscellaneous

Anaphylactic shock; photosensitivity; excessive perspiration; chills.

Precautions

Pregnancy

Category C .

Lactation

Undetermined.

Elderly

More likely to cause dizziness, sedation, and hypotension in the elderly.

Special Risk Patients

Use with caution in patients with hypertension, heart disease, asthma, hyperthyroidism, increased IOP, diabetes mellitus, prostatic hypertrophy, and bronchial asthma. Also, use with caution in patients with stenosing peptic ulcer, pyloroduodenal obstruction, symptomatic prostatic hypertrophy, or bladder neck obstruction.

Overdosage

Symptoms

CNS depression and stimulation, dry mouth, fixed and dilated pupils, flushing, GI symptoms. Antihistamines may cause hallucinations, convulsions, or possibly death, especially in children, while being more likely to cause dizziness, sedation, and hypotension in the elderly.

Patient Information

• Advise patient using extended-release tablets to take prescribed dose every 12 h with food to minimize GI side effects. Caution patient to swallow tablets whole and not to crush, chew, or break the tablet.
• Advise patient using extended-release capsules to take prescribed dose every 24 h with food to minimize GI side effects. Caution patient to swallow capsules whole and not to crush, chew, or open the capsule.
• Advise patient or caregiver using oral liquid to administer prescribed dose 4 times daily. Advise patient or caregiver to measure and administer prescribed dose using dosing syringe, dosing spoon, or dosing cup.
• Advise patient or caregiver using chewable tablet to administer prescribed dose every 12 h. Caution patient to chew tablet before swallowing and not to swallow tablet whole and to swallow a small amount of water or juice after swallowing tablet.
• Advise patient that if a dose is missed to take it as soon as possible unless it is nearing time for the next scheduled dose, then advise patient to skip the missed dose and take the next dose at the regularly scheduled time. Caution patient not to double the dose to catch up.
• Advise patient that if allergy symptoms are not controlled not to increase the dose of medication or frequency of use but to inform health care provider. Caution patient that larger doses or more frequent dosing does not increase effectiveness and may cause excessive drowsiness or other side effects.
• Instruct patient to stop taking drug and immediately report any of these symptoms to health care provider: persistent dizziness; excessive drowsiness; severe dry mouth, nose, or throat; flushing; unexplained shortness of breath or difficulty breathing; unusual tiredness or weakness; sore throat, fever, or other signs of infection; bleeding or unusual bruising; fast or irregular heartbeat; excitability, confusion, or changes in thinking or behavior; chest tightness; difficulty urinating.
• Advise patient that medication may cause drowsiness or dizziness and not to drive or perform other activities requiring mental alertness until tolerance is determined.
• Advise patient to take sips of water, suck on ice chips or sugarless hard candy, or chew sugarless gum if dry mouth occurs.
• Caution patient that alcohol and other CNS depressants (eg, sedatives) will have additional sedative effects if taken with brompheniramine.
• Caution patient not to take any OTC antihistamines while taking this medication unless advised by health care provider.
• Caution patient that medication may cause sensitivity to sunlight and to avoid excessive exposure to the sun or UV light (eg, tanning booths) and to wear protective clothing and use sunscreens until tolerance is determined.
• If patient is to have allergy skin testing, advise patient not to take the medication for at least 4 days before the skin testing.

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