Boneset

Efficacy-safety rating:

●...Little or no evidence of efficacy.

Safety rating:

What is Boneset?

Boneset is a member of the Asteraceae, or daisy, family. It is a ubiquitous plant found growing in swamps, marshes, and shores from Canada to Florida and west to Texas and Nebraska. The plant easily is recognized by its long, tapering leaves that join each other around a single stout stem, giving the impression of one long leaf pierced at the center by the stem. Hence its name perfolia, meaning “through the leaves.”

What is Boneset used for?

Boneset has been used as a charm and as a medicinal remedy for centuries by indigenous North Americans. As a charm, the root fibers were applied to hunting whistles with the belief that they would increase the whistle's ability to call deer. As an herbal remedy, American Indians used boneset as an antipyretic (to reduce fevers). The early settlers used the plant to treat rheumatism, dropsy, dengue fever, malaria, pneumonia, and influenza. The name boneset was derived from the plant's use in the treatment of breakbone fever, a term describing the high fever that often accompanies influenza. Boneset was official in the US Pharmacopeia from 1820 to 1900.

Boneset chiefly has been used to treat fevers. Boneset sometimes is found in herbal combination products for colds, flu, and fevers. There are no clinical studies evaluating its safety or effectiveness in the treatment of these conditions.

What is the dosage of Boneset?

There is no recent clinical evidence to guide dosage of boneset. Traditional use was at a dose of 2 g of leaves and flowers. Internal use should be tempered by the occurrence of hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids in this plant.

Is Boneset safe?

Contraindications have not yet been identified.

Documented adverse effects, including cytotoxic constituents. Avoid use.

None well documented.

The FDA has classified boneset as an “Herb of Undefined Safety.”

The ingestion of large amounts of teas or extracts may result in severe diarrhea. The identification of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in related Eupatorium species is cause for concern until detailed phytochemical investigations are carried out on boneset. This class of alkaloids is known to cause hepatic (liver) impairment after long-term ingestion. While direct evidence for a hepatotoxic effect from boneset does not exist, there is sufficient evidence to indicate that any plant containing unsaturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids should not be ingested.

References

Copyright © 2006 Wolters Kluwer Health

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