Bitter Melon
Scientific names: Momordica charantiaCommon names: Bitter melon also is known as balsam pear, bitter cucumber, balsam apple, “art pumpkin,” cerasee, and carilla cundeamor.
Efficacy rating:
●●●...Positive clinical trials
Safety rating:
●...Little exposure or very minor concerns.What is Bitter Melon?
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Bitter melon is a tall growing annual plant. It is cultivated in Asia, Africa, South America, and India and is considered a tropical fruit. The plant has lobed leaves, yellow flowers, and edible (but bitter-tasting), orange-yellow fruit. The unripe fruit is green and is cucumber-shaped with bumps on its surface. The parts used include the fruit, leaves, seeds, and seed oil.
What is Bitter Melon used for?
Traditional/Ethnobotanical usesBitter melon has been used as a folk remedy for tumors, asthma, skin infections, GI problems, and hypertension. The plant has been used as a traditional medicine in China, India, Africa, and southeastern US. The plant has been used in the treatment of diabetes symptoms. In the 1980s, the seeds were investigated in China as a potential contraceptive.
HypoglycemicThe hypoglycemic effects of bitter melon have been clearly established in animal and human studies. Reduction of blood glucose and improvement of glucose tolerance are the mechanisms by which the plant exerts its actions. Research shows that bitter melon improves glucose tolerance in humans.
Other usesIt has been suggested that bitter melon may have antimicrobial, and antifertility properties. Research reveals no animal or clinical data regarding bitter melon as an antimicrobial. Research reveals no clinical data regarding bitter melon's antifertility action.
What is the dosage of Bitter Melon?
Bitter melon juice has been recommended for diabetes at daily doses of 50 to 100 mL; 900 mg of fruit given 3 times/day also has been given for the same indication. There are no clinical trials available to substantiate these doses.
Is Bitter Melon safe?
ContraindicationsContraindications have not yet been identified.
Pregnancy/nursingDocumented adverse effects, including emmenogogue (to stimulate menstrual flow) and abortive effects. This plant is not recommended in pregnant women because it may cause uterine bleeding and contractions or may induce abortion.
InteractionsIncreased hypoglycemic effect when M. charantia and chlorpropamide are coadministered.
Side EffectsHypoglycemia.
ToxicitiesThe red arils around bitter melon seeds are toxic to children.
References
- Bitter Melon. Review of Natural Products. factsandcomparisons4.0 [online]. 2004. Available from Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Accessed April 16, 2007.
Copyright © 2006 Wolters Kluwer Health
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