Ranitidine Hydrochloride
PronunciationClass: Histamine H2-Antagonists
VA Class: GA301
Chemical Name: N - [2 - [[[ - 5 - [(Dimethylamino)methyl] - 2 - furanyl]methyl]thio]ethyl] - N′ - methyl - 2 - nitro - 1,1 - ethenediamine hydrochloride
CAS Number: 66357-59-3
Brands: Zantac
Introduction
Histamine H2 receptor antagonist.1
Uses for Ranitidine Hydrochloride
Duodenal Ulcer
Short-term treatment of active duodenal ulcer (endoscopically or radiographically confirmed).1 2
Maintenance of healing and reduction in recurrence of duodenal ulcer.1 4 120 121 136 178
Pathologic GI Hypersecretory Conditions
Long-term treatment of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, systemic mastocytosis, postoperative hypersecretion, “short-gut” syndrome.1 48 49 100 117
Gastric Ulcer
Short-term treatment of active benign gastric ulcer.1 4 44 45 80 84 119 140
Maintenance of healing and reduction in recurrence of gastric ulcer.1
Gastroesophageal Reflux (GERD)
Treatment of GERD to achieve acid suppression, control symptoms, and prevent complications.1 4 6 86 124 126 128 132 134 135 136 137 138 179 280
Treatment of erosive esophagitis (endoscopically diagnosed) in patients with GERD.1
Maintain healing and decrease recurrence of erosive esophagitis.1
Self-medication as initial therapy for less severe symptomatic GERD†.280
Short-term self-medication for treatment of heartburn (pyrosis) symptoms associated with acid indigestion and sour stomach in adults and adolescents ≥12 years of age.287
Short-term self-medication for prevention of heartburn symptoms associated with acid indigestion and sour stomach brought on by ingestion of certain foods and beverages in adults and children ≥12 years of age.287
Increasing Gastric pH in Neonates Undergoing Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO)
May be useful for increasing gastric pH in neonates (<1 month of age) at risk for GI hemorrhage during ECMO†.b c
Ranitidine Hydrochloride Dosage and Administration
Administration
Administered by IM or slow IV injection, or by intermittent or continuous IV infusion in hospitalized patients with pathologic GI hypersecretory conditions or intractable duodenal ulcer, or when oral therapy is not feasible.117 172
Administered by slow IV injection or intermittent IV infusion in children 1 month to 16 years of age for the treatment of duodenal ulcer.117 172 286
Administered by slow IV injection or intermittent or continuous IV infusion to decrease gastric pH in neonates <1 month of age receiving ECMO.117 172 286
Oral Administration
Administer antacids concomitantly as necessary for relief of pain.1
Dissolve each dose to be administered as 150-mg effervescent tablets in 180–240 mL (6–8 ounces) of water as directed prior to ingestion.1 Effervescent tablets should not be chewed, swallowed whole, or dissolved on the tongue.1
Dissolve each 25-mg effervescent tablet in ≥5 mL of water prior to administration.1 Allow tablet to completely dissolve before administering to the infant or child.1 May use a calibrated dropper or oral syringe to administer resultant solution in infants.1
Administer tablets for self-medication with a glass of water.287 288
IM Injection
May be administered undiluted.117
Intermittent Direct IV Injection
Dilution
Dilute 50-mg dose to a concentration no greater than 2.5 mg/mL (i.e., total of 20 mL) with 0.9% sodium chloride injection or other compatible IV solution before direct IV injection.117 172
Rate of Administration
Inject the 20-mL diluted solution (containing 50 mg/20 mL) at rate ≤4 mL/minute (i.e., over at least 5 minutes).117 172
Intermittent IV Infusion
Dilution
Dilute 50-mg dose to a concentration ≤0.5 mg/mL (i.e., 100 mL total) in 5% dextrose injection or other compatible IV solution.117 172
No additional dilution required for commercially available infusion solution (50 mg ranitidine in 50 mL of 0.45% sodium chloride).117
Rate of Administration
Infuse 50 mg/100 mL dilution at ≤5–7 mL/minute (i.e., over 15–20 minutes).117 172
Infuse commercially available infusion solution (50 mg in 50 mL of 0.45% sodium chloride) over 15–20 minutes.117
Continuous IV Infusion
Dilution
Dilute 150 mg in 250 mL of 5% dextrose injection or other compatible IV solution.91 117 172
Dilute to concentration ≤2.5 mg/mL in 5% dextrose injection or other compatible IV solution for Zollinger-Ellison syndrome or other pathologic GI hypersecretory conditions.91 117 172
Rate of Administration
Infuse 150 mg/250 mL dilution at 6.25 mg/hour over 24 hours.91 117 172
Infuse dilution for Zollinger-Ellison syndrome or other pathologic GI hypersecretory conditions at initial rate of 1 mg/kg per hour; adjust subsequent rate to individual requirements.91 117 172
Dosage
Available as ranitidine hydrochloride; dosage expressed in terms of ranitidine.1 117 172
Pediatric Patients
Duodenal Ulcer
Treatment of Active Duodenal Ulcer
OralChildren 1 month to 16 years of age: 2–4 mg/kg twice daily.1
Maximum 300 mg daily.1
IVChildren 1 month to 16 years of age: 2–4 mg/kg daily given as divided doses every 6–8 hours.117 172
Maximum 50 mg every 6–8 hours.117 172
Maintenance of Healing of Duodenal Ulcer
OralChildren 1 month to 16 years of age: 2–4 mg/kg once daily.1
Maximum 150 mg daily.1
Gastric Ulcer
Treatment
OralChildren 1 month to 16 years of age: 2–4 mg/kg twice daily.1
Maximum 300 mg daily.1
Maintenance of Healing of Gastric Ulcer
OralChildren 1 month to 16 years of age: 2–4 mg/kg once daily.1
Maximum 150 mg daily.1
Gastroesophageal Reflux
Treatment of GERD
OralChildren 1 month to 16 years of age: 5–10 mg/kg daily, usually administered as 2 equally divided doses.1
Treatment of Erosive Esophagitis
OralChildren 1 month to 16 years of age: 5–10 mg/kg daily, usually administered as 2 equally divided doses.1
Self-medication for Heartburn
OralChildren ≥12 years of age: 75 or 150 mg once or twice daily.287 288
Maximum 150 mg (as 75-mg tablets) or 300 mg (as 150-mg tablets) in 24 hours; maximum 2 weeks of continuous use as self-medication.287 288
Self-medication for Prevention of Heartburn
OralChildren ≥12 years of age: 75 or 150 mg once or twice daily; administer 30–60 minutes before ingestion of causative food or beverage.287 288
Maximum 150 mg (as 75-mg tablets) or 300 mg (as 150-mg tablets) in 24 hours; maximum 2 weeks of continuous use as self-medication.287 288
Increase Gastric pH in Neonates Undergoing ECMO
IV
Neonates (<1 month of age) at risk for GI hemorrhage: Consider 2 mg/kg every 12–24 hours (or as continuous infusion).117 172
A dose of 2 mg/kg usually is sufficient to increase gastric pH to >4 for at least 15 hours.117 172
Adults
General Parenteral Dosage
Hospitalized Patients with Pathologic Hypersecretory Conditions or Intractable Duodenal Ulcer, or Short-term Use When Oral Therapy is not Feasible
IMIncrease dosage when necessary by administering 50 mg more frequently.117 172
Intermittent Direct IV InjectionIncrease dosage when necessary by administering 50 mg more frequently.117 172
Intermittent IV InfusionIncrease dosage when necessary by administering 50 mg more frequently.117 172
Continuous IV Infusion150 mg/24 hours (6.25 mg/hour).117 172 See Pathologic GI Hypersecretory Conditions under Dosage.
Duodenal Ulcer
Treatment of Active Duodenal Ulcer
OralUsual dosage: 150 mg twice daily.1 118
Alternative: 300 mg daily after evening meal or at bedtime for optimum convenience and compliance.1 123 125 139 140
100 mg twice daily reported to be as effective in healing ulcers as 150 mg twice daily.1
Healing usually within 4 weeks; may occur in 2 weeks.124
Additional 4 weeks of therapy may be beneficial.1 91 124
Maintenance of Healing of Duodenal Ulcer
Oral150 mg daily at bedtime.1 136 178
Gastric Ulcer
Oral
Healing usually within 6 weeks.1
Maintenance of Gastric Ulcer Healing
Oral150 mg daily at bedtime.1
Gastroesophageal Reflux
Treatment of GERD
OralTreatment of Erosive Esophagitis
Oral150 mg 4 times daily.1
Maintenance of Healing of Erosive Esophagitis
Oral150 mg twice daily.1
Self-medication for Heartburn
Oral75 mg or 150 mg once or twice daily.287 288
Maximum 150 mg (as 75-mg tablets) or 300 mg (as 150-mg tablets) in 24 hours; maximum 2 weeks of continuous use as self-medication.287 288
Self-medication for Prevention of Heartburn
Oral75 or 150 mg once or twice daily; administer 30–60 minutes before ingestion of causative food or beverage.287 288
Maximum 150 mg (as 75-mg tablets) or 300 mg (as 150-mg tablets) in 24 hours; maximum 2 weeks of continuous use as self-medication.287 288
Pathologic GI Hypersecretory Conditions
Oral
150 mg twice daily; may administer more frequently, if needed.1 100
Adjust dosage according to patient response.1 100
Dosages up to 6 g daily have been used for severe disease.1 100
Continue as long as necessary.1 98 100
Continuous IV Infusion
Initiate at 1 mg/kg per hour.91 117 172
Titrate upward in 0.5 mg/kg per hour increments and redetermine gastric acid secretion if symptoms occur or gastric acid output is >10 mEq per hour after 4 hours.117 172
Dosages up to 2.5 mg/kg per hour and infusion rates up to 220 mg/hour have been used.117 172
Prescribing Limits
Pediatric Patients
Gastroesophageal Reflux
Self-medication for Heartburn
OralAdolescents ≥12 years of age: Maximum 150 mg (as 75-mg tablets) or 300 mg (as 150-mg tablets) in 24 hours; maximum 2 weeks of continuous use as self-medication.287 288
Self-medication for Prevention of Heartburn
OralAdolescents ≥12 years of age: Maximum 150 mg (as 75-mg tablets) or 300 mg (as 150-mg tablets) in 24 hours; maximum 2 weeks of continuous use as self-medication.287 288
Duodenal Ulcer
Treatment of Active Duodenal Ulcer
OralChildren 1 month to 16 years of age: Maximum 300 mg daily.1
IVChildren 1 month to 16 years of age: Maximum 50 mg every 6–8 hours.117 172
Maintenance of Healing of Duodenal Ulcer:
OralChildren 1 month to 16 years of age: Maximum 150 mg daily.1
Gastric Ulcer
Treatment of Gastric Ulcer
OralChildren 1 month to 16 years of age: Maximum 300 mg daily.1
Maintenance of Healing of Gastric Ulcer
OralChildren 1 month to 16 years of age: Maximum 150 mg daily.1
Adults
General Parenteral Dosage
Hospitalized Patients with Pathologic Hypersecretory Conditions or Intractable Duodenal Ulcer, or Short-term Use When Oral Therapy is not Feasible
IMMaximum 50 mg per dose.117 172
Intermittent Direct IVMaximum 50 mg per dose.117 172
Maximum concentration 2.5 mg/mL (50 mg/20 mL).117 172
Maximum injection rate: 4 mL/minute (i.e., over 5 minutes).117 172
Intermittent IV InfusionMaximum 50 mg per dose.117 172
Maximum concentration 0.5 mg/mL (50 mg/100 mL).117 172
Maximum infusion rate: 5–7 mL/minute (100 mL over 15–20 minutes).117 172
Commercially available infusion solution (50 mg in 50 mL of 0.45% sodium chloride): over 15–20 minutes.117
Gastroesophageal Reflux
Self-Medication for Heartburn
OralMaximum 150 mg (as 75-mg tablets) or 300 mg (as 150-mg tablets) in 24 hours; maximum 2 weeks of continuous use as self-medication.287 288
Self-medication for Prevention of Heartburn
OralMaximum 150 mg (as 75-mg tablets) or 300 mg (as 150-mg tablets) in 24 hours; maximum 2 weeks of continuous use as self-medication.287 288
Duodenal Ulcer
Treatment of Active Duodenal Ulcer
OralSafety and efficacy for >8 weeks have not been established.1
Gastric Ulcer
Treatment of Active Benign Gastric Ulcer
OralSafety and efficacy for >6 weeks have not been established.1
Pathologic GI Hypersecretory Conditions
Continuous IV Infusion
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome: Maximum concentration 2.5 mg/mL.91 117 172
Up to 2.5 mg/kg per hour or 220 mg/hour has been used.117 172
Special Populations
Renal Impairment
Clcr <50 mL/minute
Oral
150 mg once every 24 hours.1 If necessary, may cautiously increase dosage frequency to every 12 hours or more frequently.1
IM
50 mg every 18–24 hours.117 172 If necessary, may cautiously increase dosage frequency to every 12 hours or more frequently.117 172
Intermittent Direct IV
50 mg every 18–24 hours.117 172 If necessary, may cautiously increase dosage frequency to every 12 hours or more frequently.117 172
Intermittent IV Infusion
50 mg every 18–24 hours.117 172 If necessary, may cautiously increase dosage frequency to every 12 hours or more frequently.117 172
Continuous IV Infusion
Hemodialysis
Decreases blood levels; administer at the end of hemodialysis.1 4 117 124 172
Geriatric Patients
Careful dosage selection recommended because of possible age-related decrease in renal function.a b c (See Geriatric Use under Cautions.)
Cautions for Ranitidine Hydrochloride
Contraindications
-
Known hypersensitivity to ranitidine or any ingredient in the formulation.1 91 124
-
Do not use for self-medication if swallowing is difficult.287
-
Do not use for self-medication with other drugs that decrease gastric acid secretion.287 288
-
Do not use for self-medication if difficulty or pain occurs when swallowing food, if experiencing vomiting with blood, or if passing bloody or blackened stools.288 Instead, consult a clinician since such manifestations may indicate presence of a serious condition requiring alternative treatment.288
Warnings/Precautions
General Precautions
Gastric Malignancy
Response to ranitidine does not preclude presence of gastric malignancy.1
Hepatic Effects
Discontinue immediately in patients with hepatitis.1 117 124 172 Occasional hepatotoxicity, rarely, hepatic failure and death have been reported.1 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 b c
Increased serum ALT concentrations have occurred with ≥5 days of histamine H2-receptor antagonist therapy at higher than recommended IV dosages.117 Monitor serum ALT from day 5 to end of therapy when ranitidine is administered IV at dosages ≥400 mg daily for ≥5 days.117
Cardiovascular Effects
Rapid IV administration: associated rarely with bradycardia.117 172 Avoid rapid administration.117 172
Acute Intermittent Porphyria
Ranitidine may precipitate acute porphyric attacks.1 117 172 Avoid use in such patients.1 117 172
Respiratory Effects
Administration of H2-receptor antagonists has been associated with an increased risk for developing certain infections (e.g., community-acquired pneumonia).283 284
Phenylketonuria
Zantac EFFERdose tablets for solution contain aspartame (NutraSweet), which is metabolized in the GI tract to provide 2.81 or 16.84 mg of phenylalanine per 25- or 150-mg tablet, respectively.1
Specific Populations
Pregnancy
Self-medication in pregnant women: Consult clinician before using.287 288
Lactation
Distributed into milk; use with caution.1 124
Self-medication in nursing women: Consult clinician before using.287 288
Pediatric Use
Oral: Safety and efficacy for erosive esophagitis healing maintenance or pathologic hypersecretory condition treatment not established in pediatric patients.1
Oral: Safety and efficacy not established in neonates (< 1 month of age).1
Oral: Safety and efficacy established in infants, children, and adolescents 1 month to 16 years of age for duodenal and gastric ulcer treatment and healing maintenance, GERD treatment, and erosive esophagitis treatment.1
Parenteral: Safety and efficacy not established in pediatric patients for treatment of pathologic hypersecretory conditions.117 172
Parenteral: Safety and efficacy established in infants, children, and adolescents 1 month to 16 years of age for duodenal ulcer treatment.117 172
Parenteral (IV) use in neonates (< 1 month of age) receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO): Limited data in neonates suggest that ranitidine may be safe and useful to increase gastric pH in infants at risk of GI hemorrhage.117 172
Geriatric Use
No substantial differences in safety and efficacy relative to younger adults, but increased sensitivity cannot be ruled out.1 117 172
Use with caution due to greater frequency of decreased renal function observed in the elderly.1 117 172
Select dosage with caution; monitoring renal function may be useful.1 117 172
Hepatic Impairment
Use with caution.1 (See Hepatic Effects under Cautions.)
Renal Impairment
Use with caution; dosage adjustment necessary based on degree of renal impairment.1 (See Renal Impairment under Dosage and Administration.)
Common Adverse Effects
Oral or parenteral therapy: Headache, sometimes severe.1 2 4 5 81 88 97 117 124 147 172
IM therapy: Transient pain at injection site.117 172
IV therapy: Transient local burning or itching.117 172
Interactions for Ranitidine Hydrochloride
Binds weakly to hepatic CYP isoenzyme system in vitro.1 117 172
Affinity for CYP isoenzyme system is about 10% that of cimetidine; inhibition of CYP isoenzyme system is 2.4 times less than cimetidine.54 101
Does not inhibit CYP isoenzymes at recommended dosages.1 117 172
May minimally inhibit hepatic metabolism of some drugs,1 2 4 5 74 101 105 112 or affect bioavailability by another mechanism (e.g., pH-dependent absorption, altered volume of distribution).1 117 172
Specific Drugs, Foods, and Laboratory Tests
|
Drug, Food, or Test |
Interaction |
Comments |
|---|---|---|
|
Acetaminophen |
Dose-dependent inhibition of acetaminophen metabolism in vitro96 108 |
|
|
Alcohol |
Moderate alcohol consumption by individuals receiving concurrent ranitidine unlikely to result in clinically important alterations of blood alcohol concentration and/or alcohol metabolism77 238 239 240 241 244 247 |
Controversy about psychomotor impairment potential;238 239 240 241 242 243 248 observe usual precautions about alcohol intake and hazardous tasks requiring mental alertness or physical coordination239 240 243 |
|
Antacids |
Low doses (10–15 mEq HCl neutralizing capacity/10 mL) do not appear to decrease absorption or plasma concentrations of ranitidine1 2 4 5 6 38 76 Higher doses (e.g., 150 mEq HCl neutralizing capacity/30 mL) decrease absorption by 33%, decrease plasma concentrations, and AUC76 |
|
|
Atenolol |
Atenolol pharmacokinetics apparently not affected72 |
|
|
Benzodiazepines (e.g., diazepam, lorazepam, midazolam, triazolam) |
Diazepam AUC, mean half-life not substantially affected2 Lorazepam elimination half-life, volume of distribution, clearance unaffected106 Midazolam oral bioavailability may be increased by ranitidinef Triazolam oral bioavailability may be increased by elevated gastric pH 1 117 124 172 clinical importance unknown1 b c |
Observe carefully for signs of midazolam-induced respiratory and CNS depression; decrease midazolam dosage if requiredf |
|
Food |
Does not appear to decrease absorption or plasma concentrations of ranitidine1 2 4 5 6 38 76 |
|
|
Metoprolol |
Increased metoprolol AUC, peak serum concentration, elimination half-life72 73 |
|
|
Multistix, test for urine protein |
False positive1 |
Use sulfosalicylic acid reagent for urinary protein determinations while using ranitidine1 |
|
Nifedipine |
Nifedipine AUC increased by 30%72 |
|
|
Phenytoin |
Phenytoin serum concentrations unaffected107 |
|
|
Propantheline |
Appears to delay absorption and increases peak serum concentrations of ranitidine; biovailability increased about 23% with concomitant administration2 |
|
|
Propranolol |
Propranolol mean serum concentrations not substantially affected2 101 |
|
|
Smoking |
Adversely affects duodenal ulcer healing and decreases ranitidine efficacy;67 87 number of cigarettes/day apparently does not influence healing rate67 |
|
|
Theophylline |
Ranitidine apparently does not alter theophylline clearance71 105 |
|
|
Vitamin B12 |
Vitamin B12 malabsorption and deficiency may occur with long-term ranitidine therapy16 |
|
|
Warfarin |
Pharmacokinetic studies: up to 400 mg daily had no effect on warfarin clearance or PT1 91 117 122 172 |
Ranitidine Hydrochloride Pharmacokinetics
Absorption
Bioavailability
Rapidly absorbed after oral2 5 6 37 40 or IM117 administration.
Oral bioavailability: About 50%;1 2 4 5 6 39 42 88 139 similar in children 3.5–16 years of age.160
Oral: Peak plasma concentration attained within 2–3 hours in adults and geriatric patients and within 1.6–2 hours in children 1 month to 16 years of age.1
IM: about 90–100% absorption.117
Commercially available oral solution, effervescent tablets, and conventional tablets are bioequivalent.1
Duration
Following oral administration of a single 150-mg dose, substantial inhibition of gastric acid secretion reportedly continues for about 9.5 hours.5
In pediatric patients, oral administration of 6–10 mg/kg daily (in 2 or 3 divided doses), maintained gastric pH throughout the dosing interval.1
Following a single 150-mg oral dose, serum concentrations required to inhibit 50% of stimulated gastric acid secretion are maintained for up to 12 hours.1 4
IM or IV: Following a 50-mg dose, serum concentrations required to inhibit 50% of stimulated gastric acid secretion are maintained for 6–8 hours.117
Food
Food does not appear to substantially affect absorption or peak plasma concentrations.1 2 4 5 6 38
Special Populations
Oral: In geriatric individuals, AUC may be substantially increased.159
In individuals with cirrhosis, oral bioavailability appears to increase to about 70% and peak serum ranitidine concentrations appear to be higher because of reduced first-pass metabolism;2 6 42 considered minor, clinically unimportant.1
Distribution
Extent
Widely distributed throughout body.1 2 4 39 88 103 249
Distributed into CSF following oral administration;4 5 33 158 CSF concentrations in individuals with uninflamed meninges are about 3–5% of concurrent peak serum concentrations.4 5 33 158
Distributed into human milk;1 milk concentrations appear to be 25–100% of concurrent serum concentrations.4
Plasma Protein Binding
Special Populations
In individuals with cirrhosis, minor but clinically unimportant alterations in distribution occur following oral administration.1
Elimination
Metabolism
Extensive first-pass metabolism after oral administration.1 2 4 5 6 39 42 88 103
Metabolized in the liver to ranitidine N-oxide, desmethyl ranitidine, and ranitidine S-oxide.1 2 3
Elimination Route
Excreted principally in urine.1 3 37 88
Following oral administration, excretion of unchanged ranitidine in urine is dose-dependent; about 16–36% (unchanged) is excreted in urine within 24 hours.1 3 37 43
Following oral administration, about 4% as ranitidine N-oxide, 1–2% as desmethyl ranitidine, and 1% as ranitidine S-oxide is excreted in urine within 24 hours.1 3 4 5 249
Most of the urinary excretion occurs within the first 6 hours after administration.4
The remainder of an orally administered dose is eliminated in feces.1 3
Following IV administration, approximately 70% is excreted in urine as unchanged drug.117
Half-life
Adults: Averages 1.7–3.2 hours1 2 4 5 6 37 39 40 41 88 103 104 159 and may be positively correlated with age.159
Children 3.5–16 years of age: Averages 1.8–2 hours (range: 1.4–2.9 hours).117 160 172
Neonates (<1 month of age): Averages 6.6 hours.117 172
Special Populations
In patients with renal impairment, plasma clearance appears to be decreased94 and elimination half-life prolonged.2 94
In patients with cirrhosis, minor but clinically unimportant alterations in half-life and reduced clearance occur following oral administration.1 42
In geriatric individuals, clearance appears to be reduced and half-life prolonged because of decreased renal function; although half-life reported to be 3–4 hours following oral or parenteral administration in geriatric patients, 1 117 172 in one clinical study it was about 6 hours following an oral 100-mg dose.42
Stability
Storage
Oral
Tablets and Tablets for Self-medication
Tablets: 15–30°C in tight, light resistant container.1 Replace cap securely after opening.1
Tablets for self-administration: 20–25°C.287 288
Tablets, Effervescent for Solution (foil-packaged)
Solution
4–30°C in tight, light resistant container.1 124 157
Parenteral
Injection
4–25°C; may be exposed to temperatures up to 30°C.172
Protect from light.117 157 172
Darkening of undiluted injection does not affect potency.117 172
Dilutions in most IV solutions: stable for up to 48 hours at room temperature.117 157 172
Injection for IV infusion only
2–25°C.117 157 Brief exposure to temperatures up to 40°C does not affect stability.117
Compatibility
For information on systemic interactions resulting from concomitant use, see Interactions.
Parenteral
Solution CompatibilityHID
|
Compatible |
|---|
|
Amino acids 8.5% |
|
Dextrose 5% in sodium chloride 0.45% |
|
Dextrose 5 or 10% in water |
|
Fat emulsion 10%, IV |
|
Sodium chloride 0.9% |
|
Variable |
|
Dextrose 5% in Ringer’s injection, lactated. (stable for 48 hours)117 |
Drug Compatibility
|
Compatible |
|---|
|
Acetazolamide sodium |
|
Amikacin sulfate |
|
Aminophylline |
|
Chloramphenicol sodium succinate |
|
Chlorothiazide sodium |
|
Ciprofloxacin |
|
Colistimethate sodium |
|
Dexamethasone sodium phosphate |
|
Digoxin |
|
Dobutamine HCl |
|
Dopamine HCl |
|
Doxycycline hyclate |
|
Epinephrine HCl |
|
Erythromycin lactobionate |
|
Fluconazole with ondansetron HCl |
|
Flumazenil |
|
Furosemide |
|
Gentamicin sulfate |
|
Heparin sodium |
|
Isoproterenol HCl |
|
Lidocaine HCl |
|
Lincomycin HCl |
|
Meropenem |
|
Methylprednisolone sodium succinate |
|
Midazolam HCl |
|
Penicillin G potassium |
|
Penicillin G sodium |
|
Polymyxin B sulfate |
|
Potassium chloride |
|
Protamine sulfate |
|
Quinidine gluconate |
|
Sodium nitroprusside |
|
Tobramycin sulfate |
|
Vancomycin HCl |
|
Zidovudine |
|
Incompatible |
|
Amphotericin B |
|
Atracurium besylate |
|
Cefoxitin sodium |
|
Ceftazidime |
|
Ethacrynate sodium |
|
Phytonadione |
|
Variable |
|
Ampicillin sodium |
|
Cefazolin sodium |
|
Cefuroxime sodium |
|
Clindamycin phosphate |
|
Norepinephrine bitartrate |
|
Compatible |
|---|
|
Acyclovir sodium |
|
Alcohol 10% in dextrose 5% |
|
Aldesleukin |
|
Allopurinol sodium |
|
Amifostine |
|
Aminophylline |
|
Amsacrine |
|
Atracurium besylate |
|
Aztreonam |
|
Bivalirudin |
|
Bretylium tosylate |
|
Cefazolin sodium |
|
Cefepime HCl |
|
Cefoxitin sodium |
|
Ceftazidime |
|
Ceftizoxime sodium |
|
Ciprofloxacin |
|
Cisplatin |
|
Cladribine |
|
Clarithromycin |
|
Cyclophosphamide |
|
Cytarabine |
|
Dexmedetomidine HCl |
|
Diltiazem HCl |
|
Dobutamine HCl |
|
Docetaxel |
|
Dopamine HCl |
|
Doxapram HCl |
|
Doxorubicin HCl |
|
Doxorubicin HCl liposome injection |
|
Enalaprilat |
|
Epinephrine HCl |
|
Esmolol HCl |
|
Etoposide phosphate |
|
Fenoldopam mesylate |
|
Fentanyl citrate |
|
Filgrastim |
|
Fluconazole |
|
Fludarabine phosphate |
|
Foscarnet sodium |
|
Furosemide |
|
Gallium nitrate |
|
Gemcitabine HCl |
|
Granisetron HCl |
|
Heparin sodium |
|
Hetastarch in lactated electrolyte injection (Hextend) |
|
Hydromorphone HCl |
|
Idarubicin HCl |
|
Labetalol HCl |
|
Linezolid |
|
Lorazepam |
|
Melphalan HCl |
|
Meperidine HCl |
|
Methotrexate sodium |
|
Midazolam HCl |
|
Milrinone lactate |
|
Morphine sulfate |
|
Nicardipine HCl |
|
Nitroglycerin |
|
Norepinephrine bitartrate |
|
Ondansetron HCl |
|
Ondansetron HCl with paclitaxel |
|
Oxaliplatin |
|
Paclitaxel |
|
Pancuronium bromide |
|
Pemetrexed disodium |
|
Piperacillin sodium–tazobactam sodium |
|
Procainamide HCl |
|
Propofol |
|
Remifentanil HCl |
|
Sargramostim |
|
Tacrolimus |
|
Teniposide |
|
Theophylline |
|
Thiopental sodium |
|
Thiotepa |
|
Vecuronium bromide |
|
Vinorelbine tartrate |
|
Warfarin sodium |
|
Zidovudine |
|
Incompatible |
|
Amphotericin B cholesteryl sulfate complex |
|
Lansoprazole |
|
Variable |
|
Hetastarch in sodium chloride 0.9% |
Actions
-
Inhibits daytime and nocturnal basal gastric acid secretion, stimulated gastric acid secretion.1 5 5 12
-
Competitively inhibits histamine at parietal cell H2 receptors.1
Advice to Patients
-
Importance of patients informing clinician of existing or contemplated concomitant therapy, including prescription and OTC drugs.1
-
Importance of women informing clinician if they are or plan to become pregnant or plan to breast-feed.1
-
Importance of informing patients with phenylketonuria that oral effervescent tablets for solution contain aspartame.1
-
When used for self-medication, importance of reading the product labeling and carefully reviewing the warning information provided by the manufacturer.287 288
-
Importance of following dosage instructions, unless otherwise directed by a clinician, when ranitidine is administered for self-medication.287 288
-
Importance of promptly informing clinician of persistent abdominal pain or difficulty swallowing.287 288
-
Importance of informing patients of other important precautionary information. (See Cautions.)
Preparations
Excipients in commercially available drug preparations may have clinically important effects in some individuals; consult specific product labeling for details.
* available from one or more manufacturer, distributor, and/or repackager by generic (nonproprietary) name
|
Routes |
Dosage Forms |
Strengths |
Brand Names |
Manufacturer |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Oral |
Capsules, liquid-filled |
150 mg (of ranitidine)* |
Ranitidine Hydrochloride Capsules |
Sandoz, Teva |
|
300 mg (of ranitidine)* |
Ranitidine Hydrochloride Capsules |
Sandoz, Teva |
||
|
Solution |
75 mg (of ranitidine) per 5 mL |
Zantac Syrup (with alcohol 7.5% and parabens) |
GlaxoSmithKline |
|
|
Tablets, film-coated |
75 mg (of ranitidine)* |
Ranitidine Hydrochloride Tablets |
Ranbaxy, Sandoz, Teva, Watson |
|
|
Zantac 75 |
Pfizer |
|||
|
150 mg (of ranitidine)* |
Zantac |
GlaxoSmithKline |
||
|
Zantac Maximum Strength 150 |
GlaxoSmithKline |
|||
|
300 mg (of ranitidine)* |
Zantac |
GlaxoSmithKline |
||
|
Tablets, for solution |
25 mg (of ranitidine) |
Zantac EFFERdose (with aspartame and povidone) |
GlaxoSmithKline |
|
|
150 mg (of ranitidine) |
Zantac EFFERdose (with aspartame and povidone) |
GlaxoSmithKline |
||
|
Parenteral |
Injection |
25 mg (of ranitidine) per mL* |
Ranitidine Injection (with phenol 0.5%) |
Bedford |
|
Zantac (with phenol 0.5%) |
GlaxoSmithKline |
|||
|
Injection, for preparation of IV admixtures |
25 mg (of ranitidine) per mL (1 g) pharmacy bulk package |
Zantac (with phenol 0.5%) |
GlaxoSmithKline |
|
Routes |
Dosage Forms |
Strengths |
Brand Names |
Manufacturer |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Parenteral |
Injection |
1 mg (of ranitidine) per mL (50 mg) in 0.45% Sodium Chloride |
Zantac Premixed (in flexible plastic container; preservative-free) |
GlaxoSmithKline |
Comparative Pricing
This pricing information is subject to change at the sole discretion of DS Pharmacy. This pricing information was updated 02/2013. Actual costs to patients will vary depending on the use of specific retail or mail-order locations and health insurance copays.
Ranitidine 75 75MG Tablets (MAJOR PHARMACEUTICALS): 30/$13.99 or 60/$16.97
Ranitidine HCl 15MG/ML Syrup (ACTAVIS MID ATLANTIC): 30/$29.99 or 90/$62.97
Ranitidine HCl 150MG Capsules (PAR): 60/$50.99 or 90/$70.97
Ranitidine HCl 150MG Tablets (AMNEAL PHARMACEUTICALS): 90/$17.99 or 180/$25.97
Ranitidine HCl 300MG Capsules (SANDOZ): 30/$62.99 or 90/$171.97
Ranitidine HCl 300MG Tablets (AMNEAL PHARMACEUTICALS): 30/$15.99 or 90/$24.97
Zantac 15MG/ML Syrup (GLAXO SMITH KLINE): 300/$224.99 or 900/$656.97
Zantac 150MG Tablets (GLAXO SMITH KLINE): 60/$259.00 or 180/$743.95
Zantac 300MG Tablets (GLAXO SMITH KLINE): 30/$240.99 or 90/$684.94
Zantac EFFERdose 25MG Effervescent Tablets (GLAXO SMITH KLINE): 60/$241.00 or 180/$705.95
Disclaimer
This report on medications is for your information only, and is not considered individual patient advice. Because of the changing nature of drug information, please consult your physician or pharmacist about specific clinical use.
The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. and Drugs.com represent that the information provided hereunder was formulated with a reasonable standard of care, and in conformity with professional standards in the field. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. and Drugs.com make no representations or warranties, express or implied, including, but not limited to, any implied warranty of merchantability and/or fitness for a particular purpose, with respect to such information and specifically disclaims all such warranties. Users are advised that decisions regarding drug therapy are complex medical decisions requiring the independent, informed decision of an appropriate health care professional, and the information is provided for informational purposes only. The entire monograph for a drug should be reviewed for a thorough understanding of the drug's actions, uses and side effects. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. and Drugs.com do not endorse or recommend the use of any drug. The information is not a substitute for medical care.
AHFS Drug Information. © Copyright, 1959-2013, Selected Revisions June 1, 2009. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc., 7272 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, Maryland 20814.
† Use is not currently included in the labeling approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.
References
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2. Glaxo Inc. Product monograph on Zantac. Research Triangle Park, NC; 1983 Apr.
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19. Hansen WE, Bertl S. Inhibition of cholinesterases by ranitidine. Lancet. 1983; 1:235. [IDIS 164710] [PubMed 6130261]
20. Brittain RT, Jack D, Martin LE. Ranitidine and lower oesophageal sphincter pressure. Lancet. 1983; 1:418.
21. Thomas JM, Trotman IF, Misiewicz JJ. Ranitidine and lower oesophageal sphincter pressure. Lancet. 1983; 1:418.
22. Bertaccini G, Molina E, Bobblio P et al. Ranitidine increases lower oesophageal sphincter pressure in man. Ital J Gastroenterol. 1981; 13:149-50.
23. Baldi F, Ferrarini F, Barbara L. Ranitidine, reflux, and oesophageal motility. Lancet. 1983; 1:705-6. [IDIS 168690] [PubMed 6132060]
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25. Nelis GF, Van De Meene JG. Comparative effect of cimetidine and ranitidine on prolactin secretion. Postgrad Med J. 1980; 56:478-80. [PubMed 6108555]
26. Wang C, Wong KL, Lam KC et al. Ranitidine does not affect gonadal function in man. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1983; 16:430-2. [IDIS 177101] [PubMed 6313029]
27. Delitala G, Devilla L, Pende A et al. Effects of the H2-receptor antagonist ranitidine on anterior pituitary hormone secretion in man. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1982; 22:207-11. [IDIS 151849] [PubMed 6125393]
28. Pasquali R, Corinaldesi R, Miglioli M et al. Effect of prolonged administration of ranitidine on pituitary and thyroid hormones, and their response to specific hypothalamic-releasing factors. Clin Endocrinol. 1981; 15:457-62.
29. Peden NR, Boyd EJ, Browning MC et al. Effects of two histamine H2-receptor blocking drugs on basal levels of gonadotrophins, prolactin, testosterone and oestradiol-17β during treatment of duodenal ulcer in male patients. Acta Endocrinol. 1981; 96:564-8. [PubMed 6259865]
30. Boyd EJ, Peden NR, Browning MC et al. Clinical and endocrine aspects of treatment with ranitidine. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1981; 16(Suppl 69):81-3. [IDIS 130041] [PubMed 6972085]
31. Lombardo L. Reversible amenorrhoea after ranitidine treatment. Lancet. 1982; 1:224 (IDIS 145174)
32. Konturek SJ, Obtulowicz W, Kwiecien N et al. Effect of ranitidine, a new H2-antagonist, on gastric and pancreatic secretion in duodenal ulcer patients. Dig Dis Sci. 1980; 25:737-43. [IDIS 126495] [PubMed 6107221]
33. Walt RP, LaBrooy SJ, Augerinos A et al. Investigations on the penetration of ranitidine into the cerebrospinal fluid and a comparison of the effects of ranitidine and cimetidine on male sex hormones. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1981; 16(Suppl 69):19-23.
34. Henry DA, MacDonald IA, Kitchingman G et al. Cimetidine and ranitidine: comparison of effects on hepatic drug metabolism. Br Med J. 1980; 281:775-7. [IDIS 121299] [PubMed 6107157]
35. Jack D, Richard DA. Cimetidine and ranitidine. Lancet. 1982; 1:914.
36. Peden NR, Richards DA, Saunders JH et al. Pharmacologically effective plasma concentrations of ranitidine. Lancet. 1979; 2:199-20. [IDIS 99893] [PubMed 89310]
37. Van Hecken AM, Tjandramaga TB, Mullie A et al. Ranitidine: single dose pharmacokinetics and absolute bioavailability in man. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1982; 195-200. (IDIS 157310)
38. McNeil JJ, Mihaly GW, Anderson A et al. Pharmacokinetics of the H2-receptor antagonist ranitidine in man. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1981; 12:411-5. [IDIS 137639] [PubMed 6117305]
39. Garg DC, Weidler DJ, Baltodano N et al. Pharmacokinetics of ranitidine, a new histamine H2-receptor blocker. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1981; 29:247-8.
40. Woodings EP, Dixon GT, Harrison C et al. Ranitidine–a new H2-receptor antagonist. Gut. 1980; 21:187-91. [IDIS 116412] [PubMed 6105117]
41. Mignon M, Chau NP, Nguyen-Phuoc BK et al. Ranitidine upon meal-induced gastric secretion: oral pharmacokinetics and plasma concentration effect relationships. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1982; 14:187-93. [IDIS 157309] [PubMed 6125203]
42. Young CJ, Daneshmend TK, Roberts CJ. Effects of cirrhosis and aging on the elimination and bioavailability of ranitidine. Gut. 1982; 23:819-23. [IDIS 160786] [PubMed 6126422]
43. Strum WB. Ranitidine. JAMA. 1983; 250:1894-6. [IDIS 176577] [PubMed 6312110]
44. Witzel L, Wolberg SE. Peptic ulcer healing with ranitidine in cimetidine resistance. Lancet. 1982; 2:1224.
45. Feely J, Wormsley KG. H2-receptor antagonists–cimetidine and ranitidine. BMJ. 1983; 286:695-7. [IDIS 167981] [PubMed 6130817]
46. Walt RP, Trotman IF, Frost R et al. Comparison of twice-daily ranitidine with standard cimetidine treatment of duodenal ulcer. Gut. 1981; 22:319-22. [IDIS 166604] [PubMed 6113192]
47. Bonfils S, Mignon M, Vallot T et al. Use of ranitidine in the medical treatment of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1981; 16(Suppl 69):119-21.
48. Danilewitz M, Ou Tim L, Hirschowitz B. Ranitidine suppression of gastric hypersecretion resistant to cimetidine. N Engl J Med. 1982; 306:20-2. [IDIS 142132] [PubMed 6118836]
49. Dawson J, Cockel R. Ranitidine in acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Br Med J. 1982; 285:476-7 (IDIS 155030) [IDIS 155030] [PubMed 6286033]
50. Nowak A, Sadlinski C, Gorka Z et al. Ranitidine in the treatment of acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage–a comparative study. Hepatogastroenterology. 1981; 28:267-9. [IDIS 169024] [PubMed 6124495]
51. Durrent JM, Strunin L. Comparative trial of the effect of ranitidine and cimetidine on gastric secretion in fasting patients at induction of anaesthesia. Can Anaesth Soc J. 1982; 29:446-50. [IDIS 158446] [PubMed 6127150]
52. Andrews AD, Brock-Utne JG, Downing JW. Protection against pulmonary acid aspiration with ranitidine. Anaesthesia. 1982; 37:22-5. [PubMed 6123277]
53. Dobrilla G, Felder M, Chilovi F et al. Exacerbation of glaucoma associated with both cimetidine and ranitidine. Lancet. 1982; 1:1078. [IDIS 150141] [PubMed 6122884]
54. Rendic S, Alebic-Kolbah T, Kajfez F et al. Interaction of ranitidine with liver microsomes. Xenobiotica. 1982; 12:9-17. [PubMed 6124064]
55. Hughes JD, Reed WD, Serjeant CS. Mental confusion associated with ranitidine. Med J Aust. 1983; 2:12-3. [IDIS 176051] [PubMed 6306415]
56. Barr GD, Piper DW. Possible ranitidine hepatitis. Med J Aust. 1981; 2:421. [IDIS 142372] [PubMed 6275248]
57. Shah RR. Symptomatic bradycardia in association with H2-receptor antagonists. Lancet. 1982; 2:1108. [IDIS 160943] [PubMed 6127573]
58. Jack D, Smith RN, Richards DA. Histamine H2 antagonists and the heart. Lancet. 1982; 2:1281. [IDIS 161370] [PubMed 6128580]
59. Shah RR. Histamine H2 antagonists and the heart. Lancet. 1982; 2:1281-2. [IDIS 161370] [PubMed 6128580]
60. Moebius UM. Ranitidine side-effects. Lancet. 1982; 2:1053-4. [IDIS 160146] [PubMed 6127539]
61. Tosi S, Cagnoli M. Painful gynaecomastia with ranitidine. Lancet. 1982; 2:160. [IDIS 153834] [PubMed 6123872]
62. Camarri E, Chirone E, Fanteria G et al. Ranitidine induced bradycardia. Lancet. 1982; 2:160. [IDIS 153835] [PubMed 6123873]
63. Jack D, Richards DA, Granata F. Side-effects of ranitidine. Lancet. 1982; 2:264-5. [IDIS 154646] [PubMed 6124684]
64. Jackson G, Upward JW. Cimetidine, ranitidine, and heart rate. Lancet. 1982; 2:265.
65. Liedberg G, Fletcher E, Davies J. Cimetidine, ranitidine, and heart rate. Lancet. 1982; 2:265.
66. Viana L. Probable case of impotence due to ranitidine. Lancet. 1983; 2:635-6. [IDIS 175688] [PubMed 6136792]
67. Korman MG, Hansky J, Merrett AC et al. Ranitidine in duodenal ulcer: incidence of healing and effect of smoking. Dig Dis Sci. 1982; 27:712-5. [IDIS 156169] [PubMed 6284459]
68. Elwood RJ, Hildebrand J, Dundee JW et al. Ranitidine influences the uptake of oral midazolam. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1983; 15:743-5. [IDIS 172548] [PubMed 6135440]
69. Mashford ML, Harman PJ, Morphett BJ et al. Ranitidine does not affect chlormethiazole or indocyanine green disposition. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1983; 34:231-3. [IDIS 174723] [PubMed 6307580]
70. Serlin MJ, Sibeon RG, Breckenridge AM. Lack of effect of ranitidine on warfarin action. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1981; 12:791-4. [IDIS 142505] [PubMed 6122462]
71. Breen KJ, Bury R, Desmond PV et al. Effects of cimetidine and ranitidine on hepatic drug metabolism. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1982; 31:297-300. [IDIS 147160] [PubMed 6120774]
72. Spahn H, Mutschler E, Kirch W et al. Influence of ranitidine on plasma metoprolol and atenolol concentrations. BMJ. 1983; 286:1546-7. [IDIS 170942] [PubMed 6133576]
73. Spahn H, Mutschler E, Kirch W et al. Influence of ranitidine on plasma metoprolol concentrations. BMJ. 1983; 287:838. [IDIS 176296] [PubMed 6311317]
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75. Clark AJ, Bilous RW, Keen H. Ranitidine in insulin-dependent diabetes. Lancet. 1982; 2:883-4. [IDIS 158213] [PubMed 6126747]
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77. Seitz HK, Bosche J, Czygan P et al. Increased blood ethanol levels following cimetidine but not ranitidine. Lancet. 1983; 1:760. [IDIS 168517] [PubMed 6132098]
78. Glaxo Inc. Product information data form. Research Triangle Park, NC; 1983 Jan.
79. Peden NR, Robertson AJ, Boyd EJ et al. Mitogen stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes of duodenal ulcer patients during treatment with cimetidine or ranitidine. Gut. 1982; 23:398-403. [IDIS 152953] [PubMed 6281143]
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81. Simon B, Muller P, Dammann H-G. Safety profile of ranitidine. In: Riley AJ, Salmon PR, eds. Ranitidine: proceedings of an international symposium held in the context of the Seventh World Congress of Gastroenterology. Princeton: Excerpta Medica; 1982:181-9.
82. Lee HR, Gandolfi AJ, Sipes IG et al. Effect of histamine H2-receptors on fentanyl metabolism. Pharmacologist. 1982; 24:145.
83. Konturek SJ, Kwiecien N, Obtulowicz W et al. Cytoprotective effects of ranitidine. In: Misiewicz JJ, Wormsley KG, eds. The clinical use of ranitidine. Medicine Publishing Foundation Symposium Series 5. Oxford: Medicine Publishing Foundation; 1982:123-8.
84. Ryan FP. A comparison of ranitidine and placebo in the acute treatment of gastric ulcer. In: Misiewicz JJ, Wormsley KG, eds. The clinical use of ranitidine. Medicine Publishing Foundation Symposium Series 5. Oxford: Medicine Publishing Foundation; 1982:201-5.
85. Stage JG, Freis J, Nielsen OV. Ranitidine treatment of postoperative recurrent ulcers. In: Misiewicz JJ, Wormsley KG, eds. The clinical use of ranitidine. Medicine Publishing Foundation Symposium Series 5. Oxford: Medicine Publishing Foundation; 1982:275-80.
86. Sherbaniuk R, Wensel R, Trautman A et al. Ranitidine in the short-term management of symptomatic gastro-oesophageal reflux. In: Misiewicz JJ, Wormsley KG, eds. The clinical use of ranitidine. Medicine Publishing Foundation Symposium Series 5. Oxford: Medicine Publishing Foundation; 1982:283-92.
87. Merrett AC, Hansky J, Kormen MG et al. Ranitidine in duodenal ulcer: healing rate and effect of smoking. Aust N Z J Med. 1982; 12:107.
88. Gaginella TS, Bauman JH. Ranitidine hydrochloride. Drug Intell Clin Pharm. 1983; 17:873-85. [IDIS 182421] [PubMed 6317325]
89. McGonigle RJ, Williams LC, Amphlett GE et al. The pharmacokinetics of ranitidine in renal disease. In: Misiewicz JJ, Wormsley KG, eds. The clinical use of ranitidine. Medicine Publishing Foundation Symposium Series 5. Oxford: Medicine Publishing Foundation; 1982:41-7.
90. Sedman AJ. Cimetidine-drug interactions. Am J Med. 1984; 76:109-14. [IDIS 180411] [PubMed 6140847]
91. Glaxo Inc, Research Triangle Park, NC: Personal communication.
92. Reviewers’ comments (personal observations); 1984 Feb 22.
93. Anon. Drug interactions update. Med Lett Drugs Ther. 1984; 26:11-4. [PubMed 6690901]
94. Meffin PJ, Grgurinovich N, Brooks PM et al. Ranitidine disposition in patients with renal impairment. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1983; 16:731-4. [IDIS 180056] [PubMed 6318787]
95. Dunk AA, Jenkins WJ, Burroughs AK et al. The effect of ranitidine on the plasma clearance and hepatic extraction of indocyanine green in patients with chronic liver disease. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1983; 16:117-20. [IDIS 173998] [PubMed 6137230]
96. Speeg KV, Christian DC, Mitchell MC. Ranitidine and acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Ann Intern Med. 1984; 100:315. [IDIS 181324] [PubMed 6318636]
97. Cohen A, Fabre L. Tolerance to repeated intravenous doses of ranitidine HCl and cimetidine HCl in normal volunteers. Curr Ther Res. 1983; 34:475-82.
98. Jensen RT, Collen MJ, Pandol SJ et al. Cimetidine-induced impotence and breast changes in patients with gastric hypersecretory states. N Engl J Med. 1983; 308:883-7. [IDIS 168495] [PubMed 6835285]
99. Scarpignato C, Bertaccini G, Zimbaro G et al. Ranitidine delays gastric emptying of solids in man. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1982; 13:252-3. [IDIS 145985] [PubMed 6277357]
100. Collen MJ, Howard JM, McArthur KE et al. Comparison of ranitidine and cimetidine in the treatment of gastric hypersecretion. Ann Intern Med. 1984; 100:52-8. [IDIS 179879] [PubMed 6318628]
101. Powell JR, Donn KH. The pharmacokinetic basis for H2-antagonist drug interactions: concepts and implications. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1983; 5(Suppl 1):95-113. [PubMed 6140286]
102. Hirschowitz BI. Lessons from the U.S. multicenter trial of ranitidine treatment for duodenal ulcer. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1983; 5(Suppl 1):115-22. [PubMed 6317737]
103. Bogues K, Dixon GT, Fowler P et al. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of ranitidine in humans. Br J Pharmacol. 1981; 73:275-6P.
104. Chau NP, Zech PY, Pozet N et al. Ranitidine kinetics in normal subjects. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1982; 31:770-4. [IDIS 152200] [PubMed 6280919]
105. Powell JR, Rogers JF, Wargin WA et al. Inhibition of theophylline clearance by cimetidine but not ranitidine. Arch Intern Med. 1984; 144:484-6. [IDIS 182143] [PubMed 6322709]
106. Abernethy DR, Greenblatt DJ, Eshelman FN et al. Ranitidine noninteraction with benzodiazepine oxidation or conjugation. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1983; 33:216.
107. Watts RW, Hetzell DJ, Bochner F et al. Lack of interaction between ranitidine and phenytoin. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1983; 15:499-500. [IDIS 169305] [PubMed 6303375]
108. Anon. Ranitidine (Zantac). Med Lett Drugs Ther. 1982; 24:111-3. [PubMed 6292677]
109. Fernandes E, Melewicz FM. Ranitidine and theophylline. Ann Intern Med. 1984; 100:459. [IDIS 182243] [PubMed 6320702]
110. Jensen RT, Gardner JD, Raufman J et al. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: current concepts and management. Ann Intern Med. 1983; 98:59-75. [IDIS 162794] [PubMed 6336642]
111. Stockbrugger RW, Cotton PB, Eugenides N et al. Intragastric nitrites, nitrosamines, and bacterial overgrowth during cimetidine treatment. Gut. 1982; 23:1048-54. [IDIS 162821] [PubMed 7173716]
112. Dobbs JH, Smith RN. Ranitidine and theophylline. Ann Intern Med. 1984; 100:769. [IDIS 184380] [PubMed 6324629]
113. Zech PY, Chau NP, Pozet N et al. Ranitidine kinetics in chronic renal impairment. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1983; 34:667-72. [IDIS 178359] [PubMed 6313275]
114. Desmond PV, Mashford ML, Harman PJ et al. Decreased oral warfarin clearance after ranitidine and cimetidine. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1984; 35:338-41. [IDIS 183700] [PubMed 6321081]
115. Proctor JD. Hepatitis associated with ranitidine. JAMA. 1984; 251:1554. [IDIS 182340] [PubMed 6321809]
116. Dobbs JH (Glaxo Inc, Research Triangle Park, NC): Personal communication; 1984 Apr 10.
117. GlaxoSmithKline. Zantac (ranitidine hydrochloride) injection and injection premixed prescribing information. Research Triangle Park, NC; 2002 Dec.
118. The USP Drug Nomenclature Committee. Nomenclature policies and recommendations: I. Review and current proposals and decisions. Pharmacopeial Forum. 1991; 17:1509-11.
119. Legerton CW Jr. Duodenal and gastric ulcer healing rates: a review. Am J Med. 1984; 77(Suppl 5B):2-7. [IDIS 194488] [PubMed 6095656]
120. Silvis SE. Results of the United States Ranitidine Maintenance Trials. Am J Med. 1984; 77(Suppl 5B):33-8. [IDIS 194493] [PubMed 6095659]
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b. GlaxoSmithKline. Zantac (ranitidine hydrochloride) injection and injection premixed prescribing information. Research Triangle Park, NC; 2002 Dec.
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More Ranitidine Hydrochloride resources
- Ranitidine Prescribing Information (FDA)
- ranitidine MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)
- Ranitidine Professional Patient Advice (Wolters Kluwer)
- Zantac Consumer Overview
- Zantac Prescribing Information (FDA)
- Zantac 75 MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)
