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Impotence (Erectile Dysfunction)

Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. Last updated on Jan 8, 2024.

What is Impotence (Erectile Dysfunction)?

Harvard Health Publishing

Impotence means that a man's penis doesn't get hard enough to have sexual intercourse. The man cannot get or maintain an erection. The medical term is erectile dysfunction (ED).  

ED is not the same as premature ejaculation.  

The major causes of ED include:  

Symptoms

A man with impotence has either a problem getting an erection or difficulty maintaining one. This usually interferes with sexual activity.  

Impotence can happen suddenly or gradually. Some men slowly lose the firmness of their erections or how long the erections last.  

In other men, especially those whose impotence is largely caused by psychological factors, the problem may occur unpredictably. It can improve at any time.  

Men with impotence may continue to have normal orgasm and ejaculation without a full erection.  

Diagnosis

Your doctor will ask you about your medical history. He or she will want to learn if any medical conditions might be causing the impotence. These may include vascular, neurological and hormonal disorders.  

Vascular disorders affect the entire body. Many men who have impotence because of vascular disease also have a history of heart disease, stroke or poor circulation in their legs.  

Neurological problems can contribute to impotence in men with a history of diabetes and spinal cord injury. They also can cause symptoms in other parts of the body.  

In men with abnormal hormone levels, a reduced sex drive often accompanies impotence.  

Your doctor will review the medications you take. These include over-the-counter products and herbal remedies. 

Your doctor will ask about your sex life. He or she will ask about the quality of your sexual relationships.  

Your doctor will examine you to look for evidence of medical problems. This will include an examination of your penis and testes. Your blood may be tested for blood sugar, cholesterol and levels of certain hormones.  

Occasionally, a doctor may order additional tests. One such test is a nocturnal penile tumescence study. This is a way to determine how often you get erections while you sleep.  

Another test that may be done is a Doppler ultrasound of the blood vessels in the penis. This test measures how well the blood is flowing in your penis. 

Your doctor may not be able to give you a specific reason why you have impotence. But many of the treatments work well no matter what caused the problem. So extensive testing may not be necessary.  

Expected Duration

How long your impotence lasts depends upon what causes it and how quickly your treatment starts to work. Impotence is treatable in all age groups. 

Prevention

You can decrease your risk of developing erectile dysfunction by making lifestyle choices that help keep your blood vessels healthy and help prevent type 2 diabetes. 

The following steps may help: 

Because certain medications have been associated with impotence, ask your doctor about possible side before you start a new prescription 

Treatment

There are many effective treatments for impotence. The most popular is a class of drugs called phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors. These include sildenafil (Viagra), vardenafil (Levitra), tadalafil (Cialis) and avanafil (STENDRA). These drugs are taken in pill form. They work in most men. But they are less effective in men with neurological causes of impotence.  

The PDE5 drugs are generally safe. But always review the risks with your doctor. PDE5 drugs can interact with other medications and cause dangerously low blood pressure. For example, you should not take PDE5 drugs if you use nitroglycerin or other nitrate medications.  

The most worrisome side effects are sudden onset of vision or hearing loss. This occurs very rarely but requires immediate medical attention. PDE5 drugs can cause other side effects, such as flushing and headache.  

If PDE5 drugs don't work or cannot be used because of potential side effects, your doctor can recommend other therapies. The drug alprostadil (Caverject, Edex, Muse) allows blood to flow more freely in the penis, leading to an erection. The drug can be injected with a tiny needle into your penis. Or, a small pellet (suppository) can be inserted into the opening of the penis. Suppositories and injections are effective in the majority of men.  

Taking extra testosterone will not improve ED. For men who have abnormally low levels of the hormone, testosterone replacement may enhance sexual desire. 

Psychological therapy can be effective in men whose impotence is caused primarily by psychological factors. This might include counseling, behavioral therapy or couples' therapy.  

Men who do not benefit from medical or psychological treatment often have success with mechanical or prosthetic devices. External products, known as vacuum erection devices, are safe and highly effective. But many men and their partners find them unappealing.  

Another option is a surgically placed penile implant. Only a small number of men with impotence choose this option.  

Vascular (blood vessel) surgery sometimes is recommended for young, healthy men who develop impotence after trauma to the groin.

Treatment options

The following list of medications are in some way related to or used in the treatment of this condition.

View more treatment options

When To Call A Professional

Speak to your doctor if you have trouble getting or keeping an erection over three months or more.  

Impotence caused by psychological factors may get better on its own. But treatment is needed if the problem is caused by a physical factor. 

Prognosis

In general, the outlook for men with impotence is excellent.  

Most cases of impotence have medical causes that cannot be cured. Still, many treatment options will help restore sexual function.  

Several causes of impotence can be cured. These include impotence caused by psychological problems, hormonal disorders and traumatic injury to the penile arteries. 

Additional Info

American Urological Association
https://www.urologyhealth.org/


Further information

Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances.