Urinary incontinence - tension-free vaginal tape

Definition

Placement of tension-free vaginal tape is a procedure to help control stress incontinence, urine leakage that can happen when you laugh, cough, sneeze, lift things, or exercise. The procedure helps close your urethra (the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside) and the bladder neck (the part of the bladder that connects to the urethra).

See also:

• Urinary incontinence - collagen implants
• Urinary incontinence - retropubic suspension
• Urinary incontinence - vaginal sling procedures

Alternative Names

TVT; Urethral suspension

Description

You will have either general anesthesia or spinal anesthesia before the vaginal tape is put in place. In general anesthesia, you will be asleep and feel no pain. In spinal anesthesia, you will be awake but numb from the waist down, and you will not feel pain.

A catheter (tube) will be placed in your bladder to drain urine from your bladder.

A small incision (cut) is made in your vagina, just below the opening that urine passes through. Two small incisions (a little more than a 1/2 inch) are made in your belly just above your pubic hair line or in your groin.

A special synthetic (man-made) tape is passed through one of the cuts in your belly or groin. It is passed under your urethra, and then back up through the other cut in your belly or groin.

The doctor then adjusts the tension (tightness) of the tape so you will not leak anymore. If you do not receive general anesthesia, you may be asked to cough.

The surgery will take about 2 hours.

Risks

Risks for any surgery are:

• Incision infection and the incision opens up
• Breathing problems
• Bleeding
• Other infection

Risks for this surgery are:

• Damage to the urethra, bladder, or vagina
• It may be harder to empty your bladder. Or you may not be able to empty your bladder and need a catheter.
• Urine leakage may get worse.
• You may have a reaction to the synthetic tape.
• Erosion (breaking down) of tape
• Irritable bladder, where you may feel the need to urinate more often
• Changes in the vagina (prolapsed vagina, where the vagina is not in the proper place)
• Pubic bone pain
• Fistula (or connection) between the vagina and the skin