Tracheitis
Alternative Names: Bacterial tracheitis; Acute bacterial tracheitis
Tracheitis is a bacterial infection of the windpipe (trachea).
Causes of Tracheitis
Bacterial tracheitis is most often caused by the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. It frequently follows a recent viral upper respiratory infection. It affects mostly young children, possibly because their small trachea is easily blocked by swelling.
Tracheitis Symptoms
- Deep cough (similar to that caused by croup)
- Difficulty breathing
- High fever
- High-pitched breathing sound (stridor)
Tests and Exams
The health care provider will perform a physical exam and listen to the child's lungs. The muscles between the ribs may pull in as the child tries to breathe. This is called intercostal retractions.
Tests that may be done to diagnose this condition include:
- Blood oxygen level
- Nasopharyngeal culture to look for bacteria
- Tracheal culture to look for bacteria
- X-ray of the trachea
Treatment of Tracheitis
The child often needs to have a tube placed into the airways to help with breathing. This is called an endotracheal tube.
The child will receive antibiotics through a vein. The health care team will closely monitor the child's breathing and use oxygen, if needed.
Prognosis (Outlook)
With prompt treatment, the child should recover.
Potential Complications
- Airway obstruction -- can lead to death
- Toxic shock syndrome -- if caused by the bacteria Staphylococcus
When to Contact a Health Professional
Tracheitis is an emergency medical condition. Go to the emergency room if your child has had a recent upper respiratory infection and suddenly has a high fever, a cough that gets worse, and trouble breathing.
Duncan NO. Infections of the airway in children. In: Cummings CW, Flint PW, Haughey BH, et al, eds. Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier;2010:chap 197.
Manno M. Pediatric respiratory emergencies: Upper airway obstruction and infections. In: Marx JA, Hockberger RS, Walls RM, et al, eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier;2009:chap 166.
Learn more about Tracheitis
Reviewed By: Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine; and Seth Schwartz, MD, MPH, Otolaryngologist, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
Copyright 2012 A.D.A.M., Inc.
