Smoking hazards
Information
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Question:
What are the negative effects of smoking?
Answer:
Smokers have an increased risk of the following:
- Lung cancer
- Lung disease
- Heart attack
- Heart disease
- Hypertension
- Stroke
- Oral cancer
- Bladder cancer
- Pancreatic cancer
- Cervical cancer
- Pregnancy complications
- Low birth weight babies
- Early menopause
- Lower estrogen level for women
- Facial wrinkles
- Sudden infant death syndrome
- Respiratory infections
- Lung cancer
- Ear infections
Benowitz NL. Tobacco. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 30.
See also: Drugs associated with Smoking
Review Date: 2/23/2009
Reviewed By: David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
Reviewed By: David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed physician should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. Copyright A.D.A.M., Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.
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