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Sjogren syndrome

Alternative Names: Xerostomia-Sjogren syndrome; Keratoconjunctivitis sicca - Sjogren; Sicca syndrome

Sjogren syndrome is an autoimmune disorder in which the glands that produce tears and saliva are destroyed, causing dry mouth and dry eyes. However, the condition may affect many different parts of the body, including the kidneys and lungs.

Causes of Sjogren syndrome

The cause of Sjogren syndrome is unknown. It is an autoimmune disorder, which means the body mistakenly attacks healthy tissue. The syndrome occurs most often in women ages 40 - 50. It is rare in children.

Primary Sjogren syndrome is defined as dry eyes and dry mouth without another autoimmune disorder.

Secondary Sjogren syndrome occurs alone with another autoimmune disorder, such as:

Sjogren syndrome affects about 1 - 4 million people in the United States.

Sjogren syndrome Symptoms

Dryness of the mouth and eyes are the most common symptoms of this syndrome.

Eye symptoms:

Mouth and throat symptoms:

Other symptoms may include:

Tests and Exams

A physical examination reveals dry eyes and mouth. There may be mouth sores because of the mouth dryness.

Tests:

Treatment of Sjogren syndrome

The goal is to relieve symptoms.

  • Dry eyes may be treated with artificial tears, eye-lubricating ointments, or cyclosoporine liquid.
  • Tiny plugs can be placed in the tear drainage ducts to help the tears stay on the surface of the eye.

Disease modifying drugs (DMARDs) similar to those used for rheumatoid arthritis may improve the symptoms of Sjogren syndrome. These include tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibiting drugs.

Sipping water throughout the day and chewing sugarless gum may help relieve mouth dryness. Avoid medicines that can cause mouth dryness such as antihistamines and decongestants. Avoid alcohol.

Talk with your dentist about:

  • Solutions to replace minerals in your teeth
  • Saliva substitutes
  • Drugs that help your salivary glands make more saliva

Frequent brushing and flossing of the teeth, and regular dental visits may prevent severe dental cavities caused by dry mouth.

Arthritis symptoms are commonly treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and physical therapy.

Prognosis (Outlook)

The disease is usually not life-threatening. The outcome depends on what other diseases you have.

There is an increased risk of lymphoma.

Potential Complications

  • Kidney failure (rare)
  • Lymphoma
  • Pulmonary infection
  • Vasculitis (rare)

When to Contact a Health Professional

Call for an appointment with your health care provider if you develop symptoms of Sjogren syndrome.

Kruszka P, O'Brian RJ. Diagnosis and management of Sjogren syndrome. Am Fam Physician. 2009;79:465-470.

Wu AJ. Optimizing dry mouth treatment for individuals with Sjögren's syndrome. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2008 Nov;34(4):1001-10, x.

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Learn more about Sjogren syndrome

Drugs associated with:

Review Date: 6/28/2011
Reviewed By: Ariel D. Teitel, M.D., M.B.A., Chief, Division of Rheumatology, St. Vincent's Hospital, New York, NY. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
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Copyright 2011 A.D.A.M., Inc.
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