Rectal biopsy

Alternative Names: Biopsy - rectum

A rectal biopsy is a procedure to remove a small piece of rectal tissue for examination.

Why is the Test Performed?

A rectal biopsy is used to determine the cause of abnormal growths found during anoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, or other tests. It can also be used to confirm the diagnosis of amyloidosis.

How is the Test Performed?

A rectal biopsy is usually part of anoscopy or sigmoidoscopy.

A digital rectal exam is done first. Then, a lubricated instrument (anoscope or proctoscope) is placed into the rectum. You will feel some discomfort when this is done.

A biopsy can be taken through any of these instruments.

Preparation for the Test

You may get a laxative, enema, or other preparation before the biopsy so that you can completely empty your bowels. This will allow the doctor a clear view of the rectum.

How will the Test Feel?

There will be some discomfort during the procedure, and you may feel an urge to have a bowel movement. Cramping or mild discomfort sometimes occurs as the instrument is placed into the rectal area.

Rectal biopsy Risks

There is some risk of bleeding and tearing. Occasionally, patients may develop difficulty with urination after the procedure.

Normal Results for Rectal biopsy

The anus and rectum appear normal in size, color, and shape. There should be no evidence of bleeding, polyps, hemorrhoids, or other abnormalities. When biopsy tissue is examined under a microscope, no abnormalities should be noted.

What Abnormal Results Mean

This test is a common way to confirm amyloidosis. It also determines the specific causes of abnormal conditions of the rectum, such as colitis. Other findings could include:

• Abscesses
• Colorectal polyps
• Infection
• Inflammation
• Tumors

The test may be also performed for:

• Crohn's disease
• Hirschsprung's disease in infants
• Ulcerative colitis

Anal biopsy

Review Date: 11/1/2010
Reviewed By: Shabir Bhimji MD, PhD, Specializing in General Surgery, Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Midland, TX. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed byDavid Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

_{Do not use this information for medical emergencies - Call 911. This information should not be used for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed medical practitioner should always be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Links to other websites do not constitute endorsements and are provided for information only. Any duplication or distribution of this information is strictly prohibited.
Copyright 2011 A.D.A.M., Inc.}