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Pantothenic acid and biotin

Definition

Pantothenic acid and biotin are types of B vitamins. They are water-soluble, which means that the body can't store them. If the body can't use all of the vitamin, the extra leaves the body through the urine. Therefore, these vitamins must be replaced every day.

Alternative Names

Biotin; Vitamin B5; B5 vitamin

Function

Pantothenic acid and biotin are essential to growth. They help the body break down and use food. This is called metabolism.

Pathothenic acid is also called vitamin B5. It helps break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Biotin also helps break down proteins and carbohydrates.

Food Sources

Pantothenic acid and biotin are found in foods that are good sources of B vitamins, including the following:

• Eggs
• Fish
• Milk and milk products
• Whole-grain cereals
• Legumes
• Yeast
• Broccoli and other vegetables in the cabbage family
• White and sweet potatoes
• Lean beef

Side Effects

There are no known deficiencies of either pantothenic acid or biotin. Large doses of pantothenic acid do not produce symptoms other than (possibly) diarrhea. There are no known toxic symptoms associated with biotin.

Recommendations

The Food and Nutrition Center of the Institute of Medicine has established the following recommended dietary intakes:

Pantothenic acid:

• Age 0-6 months: 1.7 mg/day
• Age 7-12 months 1.8 mg/day
• Age 1-3 years: 2 mg/day
• Age 4-8 years: 3 mg/day
• Age 9-13 years: 4 mg/day
• Age 14 and older: 5 mg/day

Biotin:

• Age 0-6 months: 5 mcg/day
• Age 7-12 months: 6 mcg/day
• Age 1-3 years: 8 mcg/day
• Age 4-8 years: 12 mcg/day
• Age 9-13 years: 20 mcg/day
• Age 14 -18 years: 25 mcg/day
• 19 and older: 30 mcg/day

Pregnant women may need slighly more pantothenic acid. Breastfeeding women may need higher levels of pantothenic acid and biotin. Ask your health care provider which amount is best for you.

Eating a balanced diet with selections from the food guide pyramid will provide adequate amounts of these vitamins.

Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board. Dietary Reference Intakes: Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 2000.

Review Date: 1/2/2007
Reviewed By: William McGee, M.D., M.H.A., Assistant Professor of Medicine and Surgery, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, and Chairman, Nutrition Committee, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.