Kidney removal

Definition

Kidney removal, also called nephrectomy, is surgery to remove all or part of a kidney. You may be having:

• Part of one kidney removed (partial nephrectomy)
• All of one kidney removed (simple nephrectomy)
• Removal of all of one kidney, lymph nodes, and the adrenal gland (radical nephrectomy)

Alternative Names

Nephrectomy; Simple nephrectomy; Radical nephrectomy; Open nephrectomy; Laparoscopic nephrectomy; Partial nephrectomy

Description

This surgery is done in the hospital while you are asleep and pain-free (general anesthesia). The procedure can take 3 hours.

For simple nephrectomy or open kidney removal:

• You will be lying on your side. Your surgeon will make an incision (cut) up to 12 inches long. This cut will be on your side, just below the ribs or right over the last ribs.
• Muscle, fat, and tissue are cut and moved. Your surgeron may need to remove a rib to do the procedure.
• The tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder (ureter) and blood vessels are cut away from the kidney. The kidney is then removed.
• Sometimes, just a part of the kidney may be removed
• The cut is then closed with stitches or staples.

For radical nephrectomy or open kidney removal:

• Your surgeon will make a cut about 8 to 12 inches long. This cut will be on the front of your belly, just below your ribs. It may also be done through your side.
• Muscle, fat, and tissue are cut and moved. The tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder (ureter) and blood vessels are cut away from the kidney. The kidney is then removed.
• Your surgeon will also take out the adrenal gland and some lymph nodes.
• The cut is then closed with stitches or staples.

For laparoscopic surgery:

• Your surgeon will make three or four small cuts, usually no more than 1-inch each, in your belly and side. The surgeon will use tiny probes and a camera to do the surgery.
• Towards the end of the procedure, your doctor will make one of the cuts larger (around 4 inches) to take out the kidney.
• The surgeon will cut the ureter, place a bag around the kidney, and pull it through the larger cut.
• This surgery takes longer than an open kidney removal. Most people recover faster and feel less pain afterwards.

Sometimes, your surgeon may make a cut in a different place than described above.

Some hospitals and medical centers are doing this surgery using robots. See also: Robotic surgery

Risks

Risks for any surgery are:

• Blood clots in the legs that may travel to the lungs
• Breathing problems
• Infection, including in the surgical wound, lungs (pneumonia), or bladder or kidney
• Blood loss
• Heart attack or stroke during surgery
• Reactions to medications

Risks for this procedure are:

• Injury to other organs or structures
• Kidney failure in the remaining kidney
• After one kidney is removed, your other kidney may not work as well for a while
• Hernia of your surgical wound