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Blood supply of the large intestine

Distention of the colon's splenic flexure

Distention of the colon's splenic flexure is an enlargement of the splenic flexure beyond what is normal. The splenic flexure is a bend in the colon.

Alternative Names

Colon splenic flexure distention

Causes of Distention of the colon's splenic flexure

Common causes of distension are:

• Infection (such as tuberculosis, amebiasis)
•  Inflammation (ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease)
• Twisting of the colon (torsion, volvulus) 
• Obstruction (for example, as a result of cancer)

If the colon does not contract properly, the splenic flexure can become distended.

Distention of the colon's splenic flexure Symptoms

Symptoms include fever, rapid heart rate, abdominal pain and tenderness, and a mass that can be felt.

Tests and Exams

Splenic flexure distention may be identified by the following studies:

• Abdominal x-ray 
• Barium enema 
• Abdominal CT scan
• Abdominal MRI

Treatment of Distention of the colon's splenic flexure

Treatment involves decompressing the colon and treating the underlying cause of distention. This may be done with a rectal tube for decompression, or a colonoscopy  to remove excess air in the colon. Occasionally, surgery may be performed to remove an obstruction or to prevent perforation (hole).

Prognosis (Outlook)

Prognosis is generally good if an underlying cause of distention can be identified and treated.

Potential Complications

Complications are primarily perforation (hole in the colon) and infection.

When to Contact a Health Professional

If symptoms of abdominal pain, abdominal distention, or fever occur, call your provider.

Prevention of Distention of the colon's splenic flexure

There are no methods of preventing splenic flexure distention.

Review Date: 5/4/2006
Reviewed By: Jenifer K. Lehrer, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, Frankford-Torresdale Hospital, Jefferson Health System, Philadelphia, PA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.

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