Bilirubin - urine

Alternative Names: Conjugated bilirubin - urine; Direct bilirubin - urine

Bilirubin is a yellowish pigment found in bile, a fluid produced by the liver.

This article discusses the laboratory test to measure the amount of bilirubin in the urine. Large amounts of bilirubin in the body can lead to jaundice.

Bilirubin may also be measured with a blood test. For information on that test, see: Bilirubin - blood

Why is the Test Performed?

This test may be done to diagnose liver or gallbladder problems.

How is the Test Performed?

This test can be done an any urine sample, although sometimes a 24-hour urine sample is needed. For the 24-hour urine sample:

• On day 1, urinate into the toilet when you get up in the morning.
• Afterwards, collect all urine in a special container for the next 24 hours.
• On day 2, urinate into the container when you get up in the morning.
• Cap the container. Keep it in the refrigerator or a cool place during the collection period.

Label the container with your name, the date, and the time when you finish it, and return it as instructed.

For an infant, thoroughly wash the area where urine exits the body.

• Open a urine collection bag (a plastic bag with an adhesive paper on one end).
• For males, place the entire penis in the bag and attach the adhesive to the skin.
• For females, place the bag over the labia.
• Diaper as usual over the secured bag.

This procedure may take a couple of attempts -- lively infants can move the bag, causing the urine to be absorbed by the diaper. You may need extra collection bags.

Check the infant often and change the bag after the infant has urinated into it. Drain the urine from the bag into the container provided by your health care provider.

Deliver the sample to the laboratory or to your health care provider as soon as possible.

Preparation for the Test

Your health care provider may tell you to stop taking any drugs that may affect the test.

Drugs that can increase the level of bilirubin include:

• Allopurinol
• Barbiturates
• Birth control pills
• Chlorpromazine
• Diuretics
• Isoniazid
• Phenazopyridine
• Steroids
• Sulfonamides

Drugs that can reduce the level of bilirubin include indomethacin and ascorbic acid.

How will the Test Feel?

The test involves only normal urination, and there is no discomfort.

Bilirubin - urine Risks

There are no risks.

Considerations

Bilirubin can break down in light. That is why babies with jaundice are sometimes placed under blue fluorescent lamps. See: Bili lights

Normal Results for Bilirubin - urine

Bilirubin is not normally found in the urine.

What Abnormal Results Mean

Increased levels of bilirubin in the urine may be due to:

• Biliary tract disease
• Cirrhosis
• Gallstones in the biliary tract
• Hepatitis
• Liver disease
• Tumors of the liver or gallbladder

Male urinary system

Review Date: 6/1/2011
Reviewed By: David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

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