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poliovirus vaccine (Oral route, Parenteral route)

Commonly used brand name(s):

In the U.S.

Orimune

Available Dosage Forms:

Solution

Therapeutic Class: Vaccine

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Uses For poliovirus vaccine

Poliovirus vaccine is an active immunizing agent used to prevent poliomyelitis (polio). It works by causing your body to produce its own protection (antibodies) against the virus that causes polio.

There are two types of polio vaccine that are given by injection, poliovirus vaccine inactivated (IPV) and poliovirus vaccine inactivated enhanced potency (eIPV). In the U.S. and Canada the type of vaccine that is given by injection is eIPV. The type of vaccine that is given by mouth is called poliovirus vaccine live oral (OPV).

Polio is a very serious infection that causes paralysis of the muscles, including the muscles that enable you to walk and breathe. A polio infection may leave a person unable to breathe without the help of an iron lung, unable to walk without leg braces, or confined to a wheelchair. There is no cure for polio.

Immunization against polio is recommended for all infants from 6 to 12 weeks of age, all children, all adolescents up to 18 years of age, and certain adults who are at greater risk for exposure to polioviruses than the general population, including:

Persons traveling to areas or countries where polio is uncontrolled, whether or not they have been vaccinated against polio in the past.
Persons who live in areas where polio infection still occurs.
Adults who have not been vaccinated or who have not had the complete series of vaccinations against polio and who live in households with children who are to be given the oral polio vaccine (OPV).
Employees in day-care centers and group homes for children, such as orphanages.
Employees in medical facilities, such as hospitals and doctors' offices.
Laboratory workers handling samples that may contain polioviruses.

Immunization against polio is not recommended for infants younger than 6 weeks of age, because antibodies they received from their mothers before birth may interfere with the effectiveness of the vaccine. Infants who were immunized against polio before 6 weeks of age should receive the complete polio immunization series.

This vaccine is to be administered only by or under the supervision of your doctor or other health care professional.

Before Using poliovirus vaccine

In deciding to use a vaccine, the risks of taking the vaccine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For this vaccine, the following should be considered:

For a while after you are immunized, there is a very small risk (1 in 2.2 million) that any persons living in your household who have not yet been immunized against polio or who have or had an immune deficiency condition may develop poliomyelitis (polio) from being around you. Talk to your doctor if you have any questions about this.

Allergies

Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to poliovirus vaccine or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.

Pediatric

Use is not recommended for infants up to 6 weeks of age. For infants and children 6 weeks of age and older, polio vaccine is not expected to cause different side effects or problems than it does in adults.

Geriatric

Many medicines have not been studied specifically in older people. Therefore, it may not be known whether they work exactly the same way they do in younger adults. Although there is no specific information comparing use of polio vaccine in the elderly with use in other age groups, this vaccine is not expected to cause different side effects or problems in older persons than it does in younger adults.

Pregnancy

	Pregnancy Category	Explanation
All Trimesters	C	Animal studies have shown an adverse effect and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women OR no animal studies have been conducted and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women.

Breast Feeding

Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated

Studies in women suggest that this medication poses minimal risk to the infant when used during breastfeeding.

Poliovirus Vaccine, Live

There are no adequate studies in women for determining infant risk when using this medication during breastfeeding. Weigh the potential benefits against the potential risks before taking this medication while breastfeeding.

Interactions with Medicines

Receiving this vaccine with any of the following medicines is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.

Aclarubicin
Adalimumab
Aldesleukin
Altretamine
Amonafide
Amsacrine
Asparaginase
Azacitidine
Azathioprine
Bleomycin
Broxuridine
Busulfan
Capecitabine
Carboplatin
Carmustine
Certolizumab Pegol
Chlorambucil
Cisplatin
Cladribine
Cyclophosphamide
Cytarabine
Cytarabine Liposome
Dacarbazine
Dactinomycin
Daunorubicin
Daunorubicin Citrate Liposome
Decitabine
Docetaxel
Doxifluridine
Doxorubicin Hydrochloride
Doxorubicin Hydrochloride Liposome
Edatrexate
Eflornithine
Epirubicin
Estramustine
Etanercept
Etoposide
Floxuridine
Fludarabine
Fluorouracil
Fotemustine
Gallium Nitrate
Gemcitabine
Golimumab
Hydroxyurea
Idarubicin
Ifosfamide
Irinotecan
Lomustine
Mechlorethamine
Melphalan
Mercaptopurine
Methotrexate
Mitolactol
Mitomycin
Mitotane
Mitoxantrone
Mycophenolic Acid
Oxaliplatin
Paclitaxel
Pegaspargase
Pentostatin
Pipobroman
Pirarubicin
Plicamycin
Procarbazine
Raltitrexed
Rilonacept
Rituximab
Sirolimus
Streptozocin
Tacrolimus
Teceleukin
Tegafur
Temsirolimus
Teniposide
Thioguanine
Thiotepa
Topotecan
Treosulfan
Trimetrexate
Trofosfamide
Uracil Mustard
Vinblastine
Vincristine
Vincristine Liposome
Vindesine
Vinorelbine

Receiving this vaccine with any of the following medicines may cause an increased risk of certain side effects, but using both drugs may be the best treatment for you. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.

Abatacept
Leflunomide

Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol

Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.

Proper Use of poliovirus vaccine

Make certain your health care professional knows if you are on any special diet, such as a low-sugar diet, because the oral solution form of polio vaccine may be given to you on a sugar cube.

Dosing

The dose of poliovirus vaccine will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of poliovirus vaccine. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.

The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.

For prevention of polio:
- For poliovirus vaccine live oral (OPV) oral dosage form:
  - Adults and children 18 years of age and older—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
  - Infants and children 6 weeks to 18 years of age—One dose is given at your first visit, then a second dose is given six to eight weeks later. A third dose is given eight to twelve months after the second dose. A booster dose is given at 4 to 6 years of age only if the third dose was given before the child's fourth birthday. The doses are taken by mouth.
- For poliovirus vaccine inactivated (IPV) injection dosage form:
  - Adults and children 18 years of age and older—One dose is given every four to eight weeks for a total of three doses. A fourth dose is given six to twelve months after the third dose. The doses are injected into a muscle or under the skin.
  - Children 6 weeks to 18 years of age—One dose is given every four to eight weeks for a total of three doses. A fourth dose is given six to twelve months after the third dose. A booster dose is given at 4 to 6 years of age only if the fourth dose was given before the child's fourth birthday. The doses are injected into a muscle or under the skin.
- For poliovirus vaccine inactivated enhanced potency (eIPV) injection dosage form:
  - Adults and children 6 years of age and older—One dose is given at your first visit, then a second dose is given four to eight weeks later. A third dose is given six to twelve months after the second dose. The doses are injected into a muscle or under the skin.
  - Infants and children 6 weeks to 6 years of age—One dose is given at your first visit, then a second dose is given four to eight weeks later. A third dose is given six to twelve months after the second dose. A booster dose is given at 4 to 6 years of age only if the third dose was given before the child's fourth birthday. The doses are injected into a muscle under the skin.

Precautions While Using poliovirus vaccine

Tell your doctor that you have received this vaccine if you are to receive any other live virus vaccines within 1 month after receiving this vaccine.

poliovirus vaccine Side Effects

In very rare instances (approximately 1 case in 760,000 doses), healthy persons who have taken the oral vaccine (OPV) and healthy persons who are close contacts of adults or children who have taken OPV have been infected by the polio virus and have become paralyzed. No paralysis caused by polio infection has occurred with the injected vaccine (IPV) since 1955.

Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.

Get emergency help immediately if any of the following side effects occur:

Symptoms of allergic reaction

Difficulty in breathing or swallowing
hives
itching, especially of feet or hands
reddening of skin, especially around ears
swelling of eyes, face, or inside of nose
unusual tiredness or weakness (sudden and severe)

More common

Fever over 102 °F (39 °C) (with injection)

Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:

More common

Irritability
loss of appetite
tiredness

Less common - with injection

Itching or skin rash
redness, soreness, hard lump, tenderness, or pain at the place of injection

Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.

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