Medications for Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Deficiency
Other names: Deficiency of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist; DIRA
Deficiency of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist (DIRA) is a very rare, genetic, autoinflammatory disease caused by autosomal recessive mutations in the IL1RN gene.
The IL1RN gene produces the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) protein, which plays a critical role in helping regulate the interleukin-1 (IL-1) signaling pathway. IL-1 is a powerful driver of inflammation and plays an important role in the body’s immune response. IL-1 pro-inflammatory signaling primarily occurs through IL-1α and IL-1β. IL-Ra competes with IL-1α and IL-1β, inhibiting pro-inflammatory signaling. In patients with DIRA, the deficiency of the IL-1Ra leads to unopposed action of IL-1α and IL-1β, resulting in life-threatening systemic inflammation with skin and bone involvement.
DIRA usually presents in newborns at birth or in the first few days of life, and the severe inflammatory reaction resembles an acute severe systemic infection, or infection of the bone. As DIRA can be life-threatening, early diagnosis and treatment is essential to prevent death multi-organ failure and death.
Treatments for DIRA include anakinra, an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), and rilonacept, an interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) cytokine trap.
Drugs used to treat Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Deficiency
The medications listed below are related to or used in the treatment of this condition.
For ratings, users were asked how effective they found the medicine while considering positive/adverse effects and ease of use (1 = not effective, 10 = most effective).
Activity
Activity is based on recent site visitor activity relative to other medications in the list.
Rx
Prescription only.
OTC
Over-the-counter.
Rx/OTC
Prescription or Over-the-counter.
Off-label
This medication may not be approved by the FDA for the treatment of this condition.
EUA
An Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) allows the FDA to authorize unapproved medical products or unapproved uses of approved medical products to be used in a declared public health emergency when there are no adequate, approved, and available alternatives.
Expanded Access
Expanded Access is a potential pathway for a patient with a serious or immediately life-threatening disease or condition to gain access to an investigational medical product (drug, biologic, or medical device) for treatment outside of clinical trials when no comparable or satisfactory alternative therapy options are available.
Pregnancy Category
A
Adequate and well-controlled studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus in the first trimester of pregnancy (and there is no evidence of risk in later trimesters).
B
Animal reproduction studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women.
C
Animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use in pregnant women despite potential risks.
D
There is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on adverse reaction data from investigational or marketing experience or studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use in pregnant women despite potential risks.
X
Studies in animals or humans have demonstrated fetal abnormalities and/or there is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on adverse reaction data from investigational or marketing experience, and the risks involved in use in pregnant women clearly outweigh potential benefits.
N
FDA has not classified the drug.
Controlled Substances Act (CSA) Schedule
M
The drug has multiple schedules. The schedule may depend on the exact dosage form or strength of the medication.
U
CSA Schedule is unknown.
N
Is not subject to the Controlled Substances Act.
1
Has a high potential for abuse. Has no currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States. There is a lack of accepted safety for use under medical supervision.
2
Has a high potential for abuse. Has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States or a currently accepted medical use with severe restrictions. Abuse may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence.
3
Has a potential for abuse less than those in schedules 1 and 2. Has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States. Abuse may lead to moderate or low physical dependence or high psychological dependence.
4
Has a low potential for abuse relative to those in schedule 3. It has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States. Abuse may lead to limited physical dependence or psychological dependence relative to those in schedule 3.
5
Has a low potential for abuse relative to those in schedule 4. Has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States. Abuse may lead to limited physical dependence or psychological dependence relative to those in schedule 4.
Alcohol
X
Interacts with Alcohol.
Further information
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