Chronic Post Traumatic Headache in Children

Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. Last updated on May 6, 2024.

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A chronic post-traumatic headache (CPTH) usually develops within 7 days of a head injury and lasts longer than 3 months. A CPTH can also be a symptom of a more serious condition called post-concussion syndrome (PCS). PCS is a group of symptoms that affects your child's nerves, thinking, and behavior.

DISCHARGE INSTRUCTIONS:

Call your local emergency number (911 in the US) if:

• You cannot wake your child.
• Your child has a seizure.

Return to the emergency department if:

• Your child has a sudden headache that seems different or much worse than his or her usual headaches.
• Your child has sudden vision changes.

Call your child's doctor or pain specialist if:

• Your child has headaches more often, or his or her pain is more severe.
• Your child has pain that starts when he or she strains or changes positions.
• Your child has headaches that wake him or her during the night.
• Your child has pain that is not helped with pain medicines.
• Your child always has pain on the same side of his or her head.
• You have questions or concerns about your child's condition or care.

Medicines:

Headache pain is easier to control if pain medicine is taken as soon as your child starts to feel pain. Your child will need to limit pain medicines to prevent a condition called rebound headaches. His or her provider will tell you when and how often to give pain medicine. Your child may need any of the following:

• Prescription pain medicines may be given to control or prevent headache pain. Your child's provider will tell you which medicines may work for your child.
• NSAIDs , such as ibuprofen, help decrease swelling, pain, and fever. This medicine is available with or without a doctor's order. NSAIDs can cause stomach bleeding or kidney problems in certain people. If your child takes blood thinner medicine, always ask if NSAIDs are safe for him or her. Always read the medicine label and follow directions. Do not give these medicines to children younger than 6 months without direction from a healthcare provider.
• Acetaminophen decreases pain and fever. It is available without a doctor's order. Ask how much to give your child and how often to give it. Follow directions. Read the labels of all other medicines your child uses to see if they also contain acetaminophen, or ask your child's doctor or pharmacist. Acetaminophen can cause liver damage if not taken correctly.
• Medicine may be given to control nausea or vomiting.
• Do not give aspirin to children younger than 18 years. Your child could develop Reye syndrome if he or she has the flu or a fever and takes aspirin. Reye syndrome can cause life-threatening brain and liver damage. Check your child's medicine labels for aspirin or salicylates.
• Give your child's medicine as directed. Contact your child's healthcare provider if you think the medicine is not working as expected. Tell the provider if your child is allergic to any medicine. Keep a current list of the medicines, vitamins, and herbs your child takes. Include the amounts, and when, how, and why they are taken. Bring the list or the medicines in their containers to follow-up visits. Carry your child's medicine list with you in case of an emergency.

Manage your child's symptoms:

• Keep a headache record. Include when they start and stop and what made them better. Describe your child's symptoms, such as how the pain feels, where it is, and how bad it is. Record anything he or she ate or drank for the past 24 hours before the headache. Bring the record to follow-up visits.
• Apply heat as directed. Heat helps relieve headache pain and muscle spasms. Use a heat pack or a heating pad on a low setting. Cover the heating pad with a towel before you place it on your child's skin. Apply heat on the area for 20 to 30 minutes every 2 hours for as many days as directed.
• Apply ice as directed. Ice helps relieve headache pain. Use a cold pack or put crushed ice in a plastic bag. Cover the bag with a towel before you place it on your child's skin. Apply ice for 15 to 20 minutes every hour for as many days as directed. Your child's provider may recommend that you alternate heat and ice.
• Have your child drink liquids as directed. Your child may need to drink more liquid to prevent dehydration. Dehydration can trigger a headache. Ask your child's provider how much liquid your child needs to drink each day and which liquids are best for him or her.
• Set a regular sleep schedule. A lack of sleep can trigger headaches or make them worse. Have your child go to bed and wake up at the same times each day. Talk to his or her provider about any problems with sleeping.
• Talk to officials at your child's school. This will help them understand how to help your child. Your child may have attention or memory problems that he or she did not have before the CPTH began. He or she may need extra help to finish his or her homework or exams.
• Offer your child a variety of healthy foods. Healthy foods include fruits, vegetables, whole-grain breads, low-fat dairy products, beans, lean meats, and fish. Do not give your child foods that trigger his or her headaches.
• Have your child exercise regularly. Exercise helps decrease stress and headaches. Ask about the best exercise plan for your child. Ask if it is safe for your child to play sports. Your child may not be able to play contact sports, such as football, until he or she does not have symptoms. Your child will need to wear proper sports equipment to help prevent another concussion.
• Do not let your adolescent smoke. Nicotine and other chemicals in cigarettes and cigars can trigger a headache and also cause lung damage. Ask your adolescent's provider for information if he or she currently smokes and needs help to quit. E-cigarettes or smokeless tobacco still contain nicotine. Talk to your provider before your adolescent uses these products.

Treatment options

The following list of medications are related to or used in the treatment of this condition.

• Fioricet
• Advil
• Fioricet with Codeine
• Aleve
• Motrin

View more treatment options

Follow up with your child's doctor or pain specialist as directed:

Bring the headache record with you. Write down your questions so you remember to ask them during your visits.

For more information:

• Brain Injury Association
  1608 Spring Hill Road
  Vienna , VA 22182
  Phone: 1- 703 - 761-0750
  Phone: 1- 800 - 444-6443
  Web Address: http://www.biausa.org
  

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The above information is an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatments. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before following any medical regimen to see if it is safe and effective for you.

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